{"id":"https://openalex.org/W66690650","doi":null,"title":"Spelling Correction as an Iterative Process that Exploits the Collective Knowledge of Web Users.","display_name":"Spelling Correction as an Iterative Process that Exploits the Collective Knowledge of Web Users.","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W66690650","mag":"66690650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.61.3296","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.61.3296","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://research.microsoft.com/users/silviu/Papers/emnlp04.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040422637","display_name":"Silviu Cucerzan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0773-0924","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0773-0924"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silviu Cucerzan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0773-0924","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018230694","display_name":"Eric Brill","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Brill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8846,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":209,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94924621,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"293","last_page":"300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.8784000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.8784000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.11020000278949738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2614","display_name":"Theoretical Computer Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelling-correction","display_name":"spelling correction","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-query-logs","display_name":"search query logs","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-query-logs","display_name":"search engine query logs","score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-knowledge","display_name":"collective knowledge","score":0.5860000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777801307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088390","display_name":"Spelling","level":2,"score":0.8801343441009521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8719475269317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.6547493934631348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.6179001927375793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5831820368766785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5715939998626709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5708346366882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5610746145248413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99016210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5488129","display_name":"Query expansion","level":2,"score":0.4957636296749115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118689300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978614","display_name":"Web query classification","level":4,"score":0.45275378227233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.4383930563926697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4291324019432068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.39028000831604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12060427665710449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.61.3296","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.61.3296","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://research.microsoft.com/users/silviu/Papers/emnlp04.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:66690650","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W04-3238.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608991","display_name":"Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W182831726","https://openalex.org/W1483555666","https://openalex.org/W1513174443","https://openalex.org/W1519443010","https://openalex.org/W1632767318","https://openalex.org/W1648417313","https://openalex.org/W1970026646","https://openalex.org/W1972099155","https://openalex.org/W2010595692","https://openalex.org/W2016871293","https://openalex.org/W2046980440","https://openalex.org/W2057900969","https://openalex.org/W2066792529","https://openalex.org/W2143635578","https://openalex.org/W2144226312","https://openalex.org/W2161123931"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100912819","https://openalex.org/W20984399","https://openalex.org/W7096613993","https://openalex.org/W2914580754","https://openalex.org/W7098620454","https://openalex.org/W2127610924","https://openalex.org/W2168322422","https://openalex.org/W7098372723","https://openalex.org/W2135739396","https://openalex.org/W2129271949"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Logs":[0],"of":[1,13,30,55],"user":[2],"queries":[3,70],"to":[4,65,72],"an":[5,48,52],"internet":[6,76],"search":[7,31,77],"engine":[8],"provide":[9],"a":[10,33],"large":[11],"amount":[12],"implicit":[14],"and":[15,67],"explicit":[16],"information":[17],"about":[18],"language.":[19],"In":[20],"this":[21],"paper,":[22],"we":[23],"investigate":[24],"their":[25],"use":[26],"in":[27],"spelling":[28,43],"correction":[29,44],"queries,":[32],"task":[34],"which":[35],"poses":[36],"many":[37],"additional":[38],"challenges":[39],"beyond":[40],"the":[41,56],"traditional":[42],"problem.":[45],"We":[46],"present":[47],"approach":[49],"that":[50,63],"uses":[51],"iterative":[53],"transformation":[54],"input":[57],"query":[58,78],"strings":[59,62],"into":[60],"other":[61],"correspond":[64],"more":[66,68],"likely":[69],"according":[71],"statistics":[73],"extracted":[74],"from":[75],"logs.":[79]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}