{"id":"https://openalex.org/W66527848","doi":null,"title":"The Agency Model: The Growth of Regulation and Regulatory Institutions in the European Union","display_name":"The Agency Model: The Growth of Regulation and Regulatory Institutions in the European Union","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W66527848","mag":"66527848"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aei.pitt.edu:786","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://aei.pitt.edu/786/1/scop97_3_2.pdf","pdf_url":"http://aei.pitt.edu/786/1/scop97_3_2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401436","display_name":"Archive of European Integration (AEI) (University of Pittsburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://aei.pitt.edu/786/1/scop97_3_2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058210601","display_name":"Giandomenico Majone","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giandomenico Majone","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058210601"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4383,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95286644,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12185","display_name":"Regulation and Compliance Studies","score":0.8539999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12185","display_name":"Regulation and Compliance Studies","score":0.8539999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12986","display_name":"Administrative Law and Governance","score":0.07999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10289","display_name":"European Union Policy and Governance","score":0.0364999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-agent-model","display_name":"principal-agent model","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-state","display_name":"regulatory state","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-institutions","display_name":"regulatory institutions","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eu-regulation","display_name":"European Union regulation","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-agencies","display_name":"expert agencies","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interventionist-state","display_name":"interventionist state","score":0.6549999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7346330881118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775930736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7309708","display_name":"Regulatory state","level":3,"score":0.6862363815307617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.6210423111915588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6056935787200928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.5663975477218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5378820896148682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.46732771396636963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129603779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192451","display_name":"Welfare state","level":3,"score":0.4292793571949005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.404821515083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3721971809864044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.34316524863243103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.18111732602119446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.16403597593307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.10693216323852539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.08147180080413818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:aei.pitt.edu:786","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://aei.pitt.edu/786/1/scop97_3_2.pdf","pdf_url":"http://aei.pitt.edu/786/1/scop97_3_2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401436","display_name":"Archive of European Integration (AEI) (University of Pittsburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"mag:66527848","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://aei.pitt.edu/786/1/scop97_3_2.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aei.pitt.edu:786","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://aei.pitt.edu/786/1/scop97_3_2.pdf","pdf_url":"http://aei.pitt.edu/786/1/scop97_3_2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401436","display_name":"Archive of European Integration (AEI) (University of Pittsburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8046000003814697}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W66527848.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W66527848.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W585157571","https://openalex.org/W610017936","https://openalex.org/W2464122389","https://openalex.org/W2753833080","https://openalex.org/W614303572","https://openalex.org/W2258491618","https://openalex.org/W2023551845","https://openalex.org/W2351695523","https://openalex.org/W2736965731","https://openalex.org/W2740548010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Agencies":[0],"and":[1,66,78,85,92,176],"the":[2,62,69,73,81,104,108,113,117,120,124,127,131,136,156,161,171],"new":[3,13,54],"mode":[4,55],"of":[5,15,52,56,64,72,83,107,116,123,130,138,173],"governance.":[6],"While":[7],"agencies":[8,96,153,175],"are":[9,90,135],"certainly":[10],"not":[11],"a":[12,53],"feature":[14],"public":[16],"administration":[17],"in":[18,26],"Europe,":[19],"their":[20],"importance":[21],"has":[22],"grown":[23],"so":[24],"much":[25],"recent":[27],"years":[28],"that":[29,58,141,170],"they":[30,45],"can":[31,166],"no":[32],"longer":[33],"be":[34,47,167],"treated":[35],"as":[36,49,155],"marginal":[37],"additions":[38],"to":[39,126],"more":[40,79],"traditional":[41],"administrative":[42],"structures.":[43],"Rather,":[44],"should":[46],"seen":[48],"key":[50],"elements":[51],"governance":[57],"relies":[59],"less":[60],"on":[61,80],"power":[63,82],"taxing":[65],"spending":[67],"\u2013":[68,77],"very":[70],"foundation":[71],"Keynesian":[74],"welfare":[75],"state":[76,122,129],"making":[84],"enforcing":[86],"rules.":[87],"Typically,":[88],"rules":[89],"made":[91],"enforced":[93],"by":[94],"expert":[95],"operating":[97],"at":[98],"arm\u2019s":[99],"length":[100],"from":[101,119],"government.":[102],"Thus,":[103],"growing":[105],"significance":[106],"agency":[109],"model":[110],"is":[111],"perhaps":[112],"clearest":[114],"indication":[115],"transition":[118,140],"interventionist":[121],"past":[125],"regulatory":[128,147,183],"future.":[132],"So":[133],"important":[134],"implications":[137],"this":[139,142],"paper":[143],"deals":[144],"primarily":[145],"with":[146,151],"institutions":[148],"rather":[149],"than":[150],"operational":[152,174],"such":[154],"British":[157],"\u2018Next":[158],"Step\u2019":[159],"or":[160],"Swedish":[162],"line":[163],"agencies.":[164],"It":[165],"shown,":[168],"however,":[169],"growth":[172],"\u2018third":[177],"party\u2019":[178],"government":[179],"also":[180],"raises":[181],"serious":[182],"issues.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-09-09T07:26:56.047234","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
