{"id":"https://openalex.org/W65721107","doi":null,"title":"Smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption, and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis.","display_name":"Smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption, and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis.","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W65721107","mag":"65721107","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7986867"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:7986867","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7986867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109289848","display_name":"Lynda F. Voigt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089486","display_name":"Fred Hutch Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/007ps6h72","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L F Voigt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98104"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98104","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112716827","display_name":"Thomas D. Koepsell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T D Koepsell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110599387","display_name":"J. Lee Nelson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J L Nelson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111737841","display_name":"Carin E. Dugowson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C E Dugowson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110386321","display_name":"J R Daling","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J R Daling","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9431,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":255,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93735979,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"5","first_page":"525","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10200","display_name":"Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10200","display_name":"Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12103","display_name":"Cancer Risks and Factors","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13026","display_name":"Natural Compounds in Disease Treatment","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rheumatoid-arthritis","display_name":"rheumatoid arthritis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-consumption","display_name":"alcohol consumption","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-hormones","display_name":"sex hormones","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endogenous-estrogen","display_name":"endogenous estrogen","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postmenopausal-women","display_name":"postmenopausal women","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pack-years","display_name":"pack-years","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproductive-factors","display_name":"reproductive factors","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.7789999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.827919602394104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777575956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187255","display_name":"Rheumatoid arthritis","level":2,"score":0.7511252760887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.6663755178451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82789193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142611","display_name":"Relative risk","level":3,"score":0.5621365904808044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5392128229141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5306103825569153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5269659161567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68443243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2786686","display_name":"Quartile","level":3,"score":0.5190345048904419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4724814295768738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.4707280397415161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.337390273809433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.21304583549499512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000428","descriptor_name":"Alcohol Drinking","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001172","descriptor_name":"Arthritis, Rheumatoid","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008593","descriptor_name":"Menopause","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015999","descriptor_name":"Multivariate Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:7986867","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7986867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"mag:65721107","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7986867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4978961705","display_name":"RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN RELATION TO ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES","funder_award_id":"n01hd062914-009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118133160","https://openalex.org/W3125437670","https://openalex.org/W4412544898","https://openalex.org/W3174612885","https://openalex.org/W2115059703","https://openalex.org/W1991473075","https://openalex.org/W2772421415","https://openalex.org/W3119843456","https://openalex.org/W2939516011","https://openalex.org/W254351210"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1,37],"some":[2],"evidence":[3],"that":[4],"sex":[5],"hormones":[6,31],"may":[7],"influence":[8],"the":[9,27,42,94,170],"incidence":[10],"of":[11,29,44,59,70,78,97,125,131,157,173,180],"rheumatoid":[12,49,60,79,158],"arthritis.":[13],"Obesity":[14],"has":[15],"been":[16],"found":[17],"to":[18,105,187],"increase":[19],"endogenous":[20,30],"estrogens,":[21],"particularly":[22],"among":[23],"postmenopausal":[24],"women.":[25,52],"Although":[26],"association":[28],"with":[32,48,81,120,140,189],"smoking":[33,126],"and":[34,66,115],"alcohol":[35,111],"use":[36],"less":[38],"clear,":[39],"we":[40],"examined":[41],"relation":[43],"these":[45],"three":[46],"factors":[47],"arthritis":[50,61,80,159],"in":[51,62,169],"We":[53,73,101],"conducted":[54,102],"a":[55,128,154,178],"population-based":[56],"case-control":[57],"study":[58],"King":[63],"County,":[64],"WA,":[65],"Group":[67,98],"Health":[68,99],"Cooperative":[69],"Puget":[71],"Sound.":[72],"compared":[74,139],"349":[75],"incident":[76],"cases":[77],"1,457":[82],"controls":[83],"selected":[84],"by":[85,90],"random":[86,91],"digit":[87],"dialing":[88],"or":[89,122],"selection":[92],"from":[93],"enrollment":[95],"files":[96],"Cooperative.":[100],"personal":[103],"interviews":[104],"collect":[106],"data":[107],"on":[108],"weight,":[109],"smoking,":[110],"history,":[112],"reproductive":[113],"variables,":[114],"other":[116],"demographic":[117],"variables.":[118],"Women":[119,168],"20":[121],"more":[123,146],"pack-years":[124],"had":[127,153,177],"relative":[129,186],"risk":[130,156,161,179],"1.5":[132],"[95%":[133],"confidence":[134],"interval":[135],"(CI)":[136],"=":[137,162,166,184],"1.0-2.0]":[138],"never-smokers.":[141],"Post-menopausal":[142],"women":[143,188],"who":[144],"averaged":[145],"than":[147],"14":[148],"alcoholic":[149],"drinks":[150],"per":[151],"week":[152],"reduced":[155],"(relative":[160],"0.5;":[163],"95%":[164],"CI":[165,183],"0.2-1.7).":[167],"highest":[171],"quartile":[172],"body":[174,191],"mass":[175,192],"index":[176],"1.4":[181],"(95%":[182],"1.0-2.0)":[185],"lowest":[190],"index.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
