{"id":"https://openalex.org/W656228372","doi":null,"title":"Regional Differences of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Kentucky","display_name":"Regional Differences of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Kentucky","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W656228372","mag":"656228372"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uknowledge.uky.edu:cph_etds-1053","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cph_etds/54","pdf_url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cph_etds/54","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402623","display_name":"UKnowledge (University of Kentucky)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","host_organization_name":"University of Kentucky","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cph_etds/54","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003682056","display_name":"Yvette Achuo-Egbe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yvette Achuo-Egbe","raw_affiliation_strings":["#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# Univ. of Kentucky#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# Univ. of Kentucky#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003682056"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00948893,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10151","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10151","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10276","display_name":"Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatitis-c-virus","display_name":"hepatitis C virus","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hcv-seroprevalence","display_name":"HCV seroprevalence","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/appalachian-kentucky","display_name":"Appalachian Kentucky","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-variation","display_name":"regional variation","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerable-populations","display_name":"vulnerable populations","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injection-drug-use","display_name":"intravenous drug use","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tattoos","display_name":"tattoos","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-disparities","display_name":"racial disparities","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/men-who-have-sex-with-men","display_name":"men who have sex with men","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-hcv-antibodies","display_name":"anti-HCV antibodies","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kentucky","display_name":"Kentucky","score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/appalachia","display_name":"Appalachia","score":0.5550000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776269092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1611074","display_name":"Residence","level":2,"score":0.6169648766517639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64341305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4919225","display_name":"Bivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.4957669675350189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777880217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4674282","display_name":"Acknowledgement","level":2,"score":0.47237280011177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.46584925055503845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199163554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1681619","display_name":"Univariate","level":3,"score":0.4439561367034912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.43889838457107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.4367043972015381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4202052652835846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3408152759075165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3208736777305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.28212201595306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2675122618675232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.19063055515289307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.15338435769081116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1487559974193573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.09112146496772766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:uknowledge.uky.edu:cph_etds-1053","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cph_etds/54","pdf_url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cph_etds/54","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402623","display_name":"UKnowledge (University of Kentucky)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","host_organization_name":"University of Kentucky","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:656228372","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1053&context=cph_etds","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uknowledge.uky.edu:cph_etds-1053","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cph_etds/54","pdf_url":"https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cph_etds/54","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402623","display_name":"UKnowledge (University of Kentucky)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","host_organization_name":"University of Kentucky","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9907000064849854,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4074000120162964,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W656228372.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W656228372.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W162603234","https://openalex.org/W171268097","https://openalex.org/W282431559","https://openalex.org/W1504513136","https://openalex.org/W1965813400","https://openalex.org/W1971610182","https://openalex.org/W1978783755","https://openalex.org/W1981108585","https://openalex.org/W1983248799","https://openalex.org/W1987986767","https://openalex.org/W1994785221","https://openalex.org/W2004372194","https://openalex.org/W2014462812","https://openalex.org/W2016645809","https://openalex.org/W2016778070","https://openalex.org/W2025378444","https://openalex.org/W2045674169","https://openalex.org/W2055007705","https://openalex.org/W2065686470","https://openalex.org/W2070877172","https://openalex.org/W2097865987","https://openalex.org/W2098415839","https://openalex.org/W2108851656","https://openalex.org/W2111044696","https://openalex.org/W2123495739","https://openalex.org/W2129581375","https://openalex.org/W2133721686","https://openalex.org/W2134673674","https://openalex.org/W2134732827","https://openalex.org/W2142604047","https://openalex.org/W2145623055","https://openalex.org/W2146404867","https://openalex.org/W2148959572","https://openalex.org/W2152187555","https://openalex.org/W2156031524","https://openalex.org/W2156639958","https://openalex.org/W2164227241","https://openalex.org/W2167324526","https://openalex.org/W2167407662","https://openalex.org/W2216769778","https://openalex.org/W2314619766","https://openalex.org/W2336208865","https://openalex.org/W2906392258"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W133230405","https://openalex.org/W4311746959","https://openalex.org/W3094398330","https://openalex.org/W2336208865","https://openalex.org/W2111873529","https://openalex.org/W2744725765","https://openalex.org/W4235514899","https://openalex.org/W2418913637","https://openalex.org/W2611477088","https://openalex.org/W4383337576"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"Few":[1],"studies":[2],"have":[3,205],"been":[4],"conducted":[5,80],"in":[6,35,50,55,73,177,286,308,313,322,360,380],"Kentucky":[7,83,181],"to":[8,27,32,40,111,118,221,274,297,370,378,384],"investigate":[9,41],"the":[10,29,36,82,108,156,191,277,287,293,299,354,361],"statewide":[11,295],"prevalence":[12,300,356],"of":[13,23,44,68,246,260,301,330,335,357,363],"HCV":[14,33,45,79,98,119,187,223,231,282,302,320,358],"infection":[15,34,46,99,303,321,359],"and":[16,38,100,114,123,132,145,202,258,281,333,341,346,349],"its":[17],"associated":[18,185,235,318],"risk":[19,374],"factors.":[20],"The":[21,58,88,315],"purpose":[22],"this":[24],"study":[25,59,77,90],"was":[26,63,182,233,271,292],"examine":[28,112,298],"factors":[30,375],"related":[31,117],"state,":[37],"specifically":[39,285],"geographical":[42],"differences":[43],"between":[47,279],"those":[48],"residing":[49,307],"Appalachian":[51,178,288,381],"vs.":[52,179,310,382],"Non-Appalachian":[53,180,311,383],"counties":[54,312],"Kentucky.":[56,314,364],"Methods:":[57],"sample":[60],"(n":[61],"=5205)":[62],"selected":[64,159],"from":[65],"a":[66,74],"pool":[67],"8300":[69],"high-risk":[70,305],"individuals":[71],"participating":[72],"pilot":[75,89],"cross-sectional":[76],"on":[78],"by":[81],"Department":[84],"for":[85,95,173,227],"Public":[86],"Health.":[87],"involved":[91],"serologically":[92],"testing":[93],"participants":[94,102,158],"antibodies":[96],"against":[97],"having":[101],"complete":[103],"an":[104],"interview-administered":[105],"questionnaire":[106],"at":[107],"same":[109],"time":[110],"behavioral":[113],"socio-demographic":[115],"characteristics":[116],"infection.":[120],"Univariate,":[121],"bivariate,":[122],"logistic":[124],"regression":[125],"analyses":[126],"were":[127,134,152,217,325],"carried":[128],"out":[129],"using":[130,136],"SPSS":[131],"maps":[133],"produced":[135],"ArcGIS":[137],"software.":[138],"Frequency":[139],"distribution,":[140],"adjusted":[141],"odds":[142],"ratios":[143],"(AORs),":[144],"corresponding":[146],"95%":[147,197,212,240,253,265],"confidence":[148],"intervals":[149],"(95%":[150],"CIs)":[151],"reported.":[153],"Results:":[154],"Of":[155],"5205":[157],"(2241":[160],"males,":[161],"2964":[162],"females;":[163],"mean":[164],"age,":[165,326],"30.4":[166],"\u00b1":[167],"10.5":[168],"years);":[169],"9.8%":[170],"tested":[171],"positive":[172,224],"anti-HCV":[174],"antibodies.":[175],"Residence":[176],"not":[183],"significantly":[184,218,275],"with":[186,207,236,319,376],"antibody":[188,283],"status.":[189],"In":[190],"multivariate":[192],"analysis,":[193],"Blacks":[194],"(AOR:":[195,210,238,251,262],"0.42,":[196],"CI:":[198,213,241,254,266],"0.26":[199],"\u2013":[200,215,243,256,268],"0.66)":[201],"men":[203,208],"who":[204],"sex":[206],"(MSM)":[209],"0.36,":[211],"0.17":[214],"0.73)":[216],"less":[219],"likely":[220],"be":[222,390],"after":[225],"adjusting":[226],"all":[228],"other":[229],"variables.":[230],"seropositivity":[232],"positively":[234],"age":[237],"1.03,":[239],"1.02":[242],"1.04),":[244],"history":[245,329],"injection":[247],"drug":[248],"use":[249],"(IDU)":[250],"41.27,":[252],"31.94":[255],"53.31),":[257],"presence":[259,334],"tattoos":[261],"1.49,":[263],"4":[264],"1.14":[267],"1.96).":[269],"Gender":[270],"also":[272],"found":[273],"modify":[276],"association":[278],"residence":[280,379],"status,":[284],"region.":[289],"Conclusion:":[290],"This":[291],"first":[294],"analysis":[296],"among":[304],"population":[306],"Appalachia":[309],"main":[316],"variables":[317],"these":[323,338,387],"regions":[324],"Black":[327],"race,":[328],"IDU,":[331],"MSM":[332],"tattoos.":[336],"Addressing":[337],"risky":[339],"behaviors":[340],"particular":[342],"populations":[343],"through":[344],"age-":[345],"gender-specific":[347],"preventive":[348],"treatment":[350],"measures":[351,388],"may":[352],"reduce":[353],"high":[355],"state":[362],"However,":[365],"more":[366],"research":[367],"is":[368],"required":[369],"further":[371],"characterize":[372],"HCV-related":[373],"respect":[377],"determine":[385],"how":[386],"can":[389],"effectively":[391],"implemented.":[392]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}