{"id":"https://openalex.org/W654697784","doi":null,"title":"A Mixed Methods Study of Class Size and Group Configuration in Online Graduate Course Discussions","display_name":"A Mixed Methods Study of Class Size and Group Configuration in Online Graduate Course Discussions","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W654697784","mag":"654697784"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/24859","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/24859","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/3cc7f54d-e417-4079-bb17-827ed520aed7/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/3cc7f54d-e417-4079-bb17-827ed520aed7/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015480632","display_name":"Mingzhu Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7808-9215","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7808-9215"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingzhu Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7808-9215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015480632"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-size","display_name":"class size","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-learning","display_name":"online learning","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graduate-education","display_name":"graduate education","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-discussion-forums","display_name":"online forums","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-configuration","display_name":"group configuration","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subgroup-size","display_name":"subgroup size","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-overload","display_name":"information overload","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/note-reading","display_name":"note reading","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/note-writing","display_name":"note writing","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collaborative-learning","display_name":"cooperative learning","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-course-design","display_name":"online course design","score":0.5040000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776824051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22907283","display_name":"Class size","level":2,"score":0.7797759771347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7020145654678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.6629349589347839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.516300618648529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.45658132433891296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020528894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20820271","display_name":"Graduate students","level":2,"score":0.45386528968811035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36388683319091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.1814819872379303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/24859","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/24859","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/3cc7f54d-e417-4079-bb17-827ed520aed7/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:collectionscanada.gc.ca:OTU.1807/24859","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/24859","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402307","display_name":"Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2802286613","host_organization_name":"Government of Canada","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802286613"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:654697784","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/24859/1/Qiu_Mingzhu_201006_PhD_Thesis.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/24859","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/24859","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/3cc7f54d-e417-4079-bb17-827ed520aed7/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W654697784.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W654697784.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":209,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18862804","https://openalex.org/W29301864","https://openalex.org/W35505228","https://openalex.org/W43466979","https://openalex.org/W51964800","https://openalex.org/W55253974","https://openalex.org/W68531696","https://openalex.org/W72210556","https://openalex.org/W93161694","https://openalex.org/W148332599","https://openalex.org/W168007376","https://openalex.org/W189406907","https://openalex.org/W201782954","https://openalex.org/W264438236","https://openalex.org/W286030351","https://openalex.org/W596651284","https://openalex.org/W601526144","https://openalex.org/W621915819","https://openalex.org/W625117462","https://openalex.org/W1065136657","https://openalex.org/W1457457736","https://openalex.org/W1480898665","https://openalex.org/W1484623252","https://openalex.org/W1485319711","https://openalex.org/W1486953525","https://openalex.org/W1492746582","https://openalex.org/W1493632016","https://openalex.org/W1496306958","https://openalex.org/W1499806064","https://openalex.org/W1501512983","https://openalex.org/W1501671793","https://openalex.org/W1506519281","https://openalex.org/W1509259897","https://openalex.org/W1509560243","https://openalex.org/W1514884052","https://openalex.org/W1519307984","https://openalex.org/W1526703352","https://openalex.org/W1528022241","https://openalex.org/W1531814423","https://openalex.org/W1532694316","https://openalex.org/W1539265701","https://openalex.org/W1540518856","https://openalex.org/W1545384607","https://openalex.org/W1550068653","https://openalex.org/W1551289443","https://openalex.org/W1552690085","https://openalex.org/W1566850984","https://openalex.org/W1566953178","https://openalex.org/W1567891970","https://openalex.org/W1576460547","https://openalex.org/W1581889522","https://openalex.org/W1587919301","https://openalex.org/W1589613761","https://openalex.org/W1595664586","https://openalex.org/W1601343908","https://openalex.org/W1605851261","https://openalex.org/W1607337037","https://openalex.org/W1646410693","https://openalex.org/W1658908529","https://openalex.org/W1659392994","https://openalex.org/W1681262818","https://openalex.org/W1706955132","https://openalex.org/W1707104629","https://openalex.org/W1751769270","https://openalex.org/W1755852377","https://openalex.org/W1761828760","https://openalex.org/W1854176037","https://openalex.org/W1909646077","https://openalex.org/W1928079134","https://openalex.org/W1932211865","https://openalex.org/W1962441388","https://openalex.org/W1966463765","https://openalex.org/W1969426771","https://openalex.org/W1969641600","https://openalex.org/W1971621936","https://openalex.org/W1973161172","https://openalex.org/W1974776846","https://openalex.org/W1976208553","https://openalex.org/W1981254675","https://openalex.org/W1983404636","https://openalex.org/W1986363619","https://openalex.org/W1987322852","https://openalex.org/W1987825167","https://openalex.org/W1989966069","https://openalex.org/W1993559702","https://openalex.org/W1994214847","https://openalex.org/W1994324487","https://openalex.org/W1995250508","https://openalex.org/W1997895025","https://openalex.org/W1997958022","https://openalex.org/W1999853399","https://openalex.org/W2000117884","https://openalex.org/W2001679923","https://openalex.org/W2002015682","https://openalex.org/W2004716677","https://openalex.org/W2005408217","https://openalex.org/W2015564674","https://openalex.org/W2017602382","https://openalex.org/W2022194882","https://openalex.org/W2023316955","https://openalex.org/W2024337161","https://openalex.org/W2024784219","https://openalex.org/W2028954902","https://openalex.org/W2031093250","https://openalex.org/W2033952602","https://openalex.org/W2035421788","https://openalex.org/W2037517274","https://openalex.org/W2043087376","https://openalex.org/W2044300984","https://openalex.org/W2046032744","https://openalex.org/W2046429801","https://openalex.org/W2046727619","https://openalex.org/W2047596099","https://openalex.org/W2048509016","https://openalex.org/W2048663042","https://openalex.org/W2048790365","https://openalex.org/W2048914061","https://openalex.org/W2050378517","https://openalex.org/W2056683859","https://openalex.org/W2057043618","https://openalex.org/W2058352751","https://openalex.org/W2061388204","https://openalex.org/W2062802122","https://openalex.org/W2064791959","https://openalex.org/W2065993995","https://openalex.org/W2070509150","https://openalex.org/W2070881865","https://openalex.org/W2071450519","https://openalex.org/W2073826037","https://openalex.org/W2074207732","https://openalex.org/W2074412259","https://openalex.org/W2076053538","https://openalex.org/W2077868718","https://openalex.org/W2086201856","https://openalex.org/W2087820931","https://openalex.org/W2089371540","https://openalex.org/W2095557820","https://openalex.org/W2099316722","https://openalex.org/W2103893497","https://openalex.org/W2106990392","https://openalex.org/W2107483000","https://openalex.org/W2109685530","https://openalex.org/W2110676723","https://openalex.org/W2111266522","https://openalex.org/W2111345701","https://openalex.org/W2112393987","https://openalex.org/W2112561840","https://openalex.org/W2113742621","https://openalex.org/W2114293844","https://openalex.org/W2116720807","https://openalex.org/W2120320518","https://openalex.org/W2120401944","https://openalex.org/W2120761580","https://openalex.org/W2123409729","https://openalex.org/W2123430895","https://openalex.org/W2123948776","https://openalex.org/W2124952865","https://openalex.org/W2125605284","https://openalex.org/W2127518984","https://openalex.org/W2127526057","https://openalex.org/W2133052656","https://openalex.org/W2139476177","https://openalex.org/W2140454616","https://openalex.org/W2145161795","https://openalex.org/W2147954050","https://openalex.org/W2149823506","https://openalex.org/W2149970926","https://openalex.org/W2150547832","https://openalex.org/W2155508034","https://openalex.org/W2156247839","https://openalex.org/W2157904933","https://openalex.org/W2160883654","https://openalex.org/W2161584222","https://openalex.org/W2162496417","https://openalex.org/W2164599981","https://openalex.org/W2166323381","https://openalex.org/W2167602294","https://openalex.org/W2171226963","https://openalex.org/W2185388116","https://openalex.org/W2224027104","https://openalex.org/W2255348936","https://openalex.org/W2257541468","https://openalex.org/W2292421209","https://openalex.org/W2294706925","https://openalex.org/W2329395632","https://openalex.org/W2465978342","https://openalex.org/W2480956634","https://openalex.org/W2489897945","https://openalex.org/W2493553516","https://openalex.org/W2495578482","https://openalex.org/W2496444460","https://openalex.org/W2496474289","https://openalex.org/W2567041163","https://openalex.org/W2573894086","https://openalex.org/W2598316382","https://openalex.org/W2624739213","https://openalex.org/W2759188992","https://openalex.org/W2782878764","https://openalex.org/W2806509523","https://openalex.org/W2899931863","https://openalex.org/W2903059257","https://openalex.org/W2908661478","https://openalex.org/W2918719455","https://openalex.org/W2945424237","https://openalex.org/W2992303006","https://openalex.org/W2994522559","https://openalex.org/W3014328419","https://openalex.org/W3217325672","https://openalex.org/W4210623609"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098446347","https://openalex.org/W4232573059","https://openalex.org/W2156760452","https://openalex.org/W3161868186","https://openalex.org/W7113903531","https://openalex.org/W4408070693","https://openalex.org/W2168254891","https://openalex.org/W7110032600","https://openalex.org/W2046429801","https://openalex.org/W2946802058"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Class":[0],"size":[1,23,47,119,137,150,203,210],"has":[2],"long":[3],"been":[4],"recognized":[5],"as":[6,115,124,135,148],"a":[7,166,278],"factor":[8],"affecting":[9],"achievement":[10],"in":[11,24,62,189,251,293],"face-to-face":[12],"contexts.":[13],"However,":[14,147],"few":[15],"studies":[16],"have":[17],"examined":[18,42],"the":[19,28,43,49,131,139,152,170,190,225,246,262],"effects":[20,29,227],"of":[21,30,51,154,169,228,248,264,280],"class":[22,34,46,118,136,149,202,218,270],"online":[25,33,63,75,294],"courses,":[26],"or":[27],"dividing":[31,235],"an":[32,116,125],"into":[35,237],"smaller":[36,167],"discussion":[37,241,267],"groups.":[38],"The":[39,98,220,258,274],"current":[40],"study":[41,68],"relationship":[44],"between":[45,201],"and":[48,59,83,86,91,100,120,184,204,211,283],"use":[50,247],"grouping":[52],"strategies":[53],"on":[54],"note":[55,57,209],"reading,":[56],"writing,":[58],"collaborative":[60,256],"discussions":[61],"graduate-level":[64,74],"courses.":[65,295],"This":[66],"mixed-methods":[67],"analyzed":[69],"tracking":[70],"logs":[71],"from":[72,88],"25":[73],"courses":[76],"using":[77,265],"Web":[78],"Knowledge":[79],"Forum":[80],"(25":[81],"instructors":[82,90],"341":[84],"students)":[85],"interviews":[87],"10":[89],"12":[92],"graduate":[93],"students":[94,158,163,185,236],"with":[95,217,277],"diverse":[96],"backgrounds.":[97],"quantitative":[99],"qualitative":[101],"data":[102,221],"analyses":[103],"were":[104,164,177,186,214],"designed":[105],"to":[106,113,122,180],"complement":[107],"each":[108],"other.":[109],"Findings":[110],"suggested":[111],"13":[112],"15":[114],"optimal":[117],"four":[121],"five":[123],"ideal":[126],"subgroup":[127],"size.":[128,219],"Not":[129],"surprisingly,":[130],"results":[132,260],"revealed":[133],"that,":[134],"increased,":[138,151],"total":[140,205],"notes":[141,156,191,206],"that":[142,157,192,224,245,288],"participants":[143,176],"read":[144,159],"increased":[145],"significantly.":[146],"percentage":[153],"course":[155,171],"decreased":[160],"significantly":[161],"(i.e.,":[162],"reading":[165],"proportion":[168],"notes).":[172],"In":[173],"larger":[174],"classes,":[175],"more":[178,187],"likely":[179],"experience":[181],"information":[182],"overload":[183,226],"selective":[188],"they":[193],"read.":[194],"A":[195],"significant":[196],"positive":[197],"correlation":[198],"was":[199],"found":[200],"written.":[207],"Students\u2019":[208],"grade-level":[212],"score":[213],"negatively":[215],"correlated":[216],"also":[222],"suggest":[223],"large":[229,252],"classes":[230,253],"can":[231],"be":[232],"minimized":[233],"by":[234],"small":[238,249,266],"groups":[239,250,268],"for":[240],"purposes.":[242],"Interviewees":[243],"felt":[244],"benefited":[254],"their":[255],"discussions.":[257],"preceding":[259],"underscore":[261],"importance":[263],"when":[269],"sizes":[271],"are":[272],"large.":[273],"research":[275],"concludes":[276],"list":[279],"pedagogical":[281],"recommendations":[282],"suggests":[284],"new":[285],"software":[286],"features":[287],"may":[289],"help":[290],"enhance":[291],"learning":[292]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
