{"id":"https://openalex.org/W654125654","doi":null,"title":"The Influence of Social Interactions with American Students on Intercultural Sensitivity of International Students in Higher Education Institutions","display_name":"The Influence of Social Interactions with American Students on Intercultural Sensitivity of International Students in Higher Education Institutions","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W654125654","mag":"654125654"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.wku.edu:diss-1083","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/diss/84","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/diss/84","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196460","display_name":"TopSCHOLAR (Western Kentucky University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I94339441","host_organization_name":"Western Kentucky University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94339441"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/diss/84","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018074278","display_name":"Shahbaz Munawar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94339441","display_name":"Western Kentucky University","ror":"https://ror.org/0446vnd56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94339441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shahbaz Munawar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western Kentucky University,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Kentucky University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94339441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018074278"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94339441"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10907","display_name":"International Student and Expatriate Challenges","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10907","display_name":"International Student and Expatriate Challenges","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13795","display_name":"Language, Communication, and Linguistic Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10546","display_name":"Higher Education Governance and Development","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intercultural-sensitivity","display_name":"intercultural sensitivity","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-students","display_name":"international students","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-interaction","display_name":"social interaction","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/living-arrangements","display_name":"living arrangements","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-choice","display_name":"housing choice","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intercultural-sensitivity-scale","display_name":"Intercultural Sensitivity Scale","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-adaptation","display_name":"cultural adaptation","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"higher education","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-students","display_name":"American students","score":0.3959999978542328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.520703136920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.48447418212890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776751993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666159","display_name":"Intercultural competence","level":2,"score":0.4727776050567627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.45255130529403687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992397558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5188450","display_name":"Cultural sensitivity","level":2,"score":0.43057286739349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4272816777229309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.38319289684295654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.wku.edu:diss-1083","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/diss/84","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/diss/84","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196460","display_name":"TopSCHOLAR (Western Kentucky University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I94339441","host_organization_name":"Western Kentucky University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94339441"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:654125654","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1083&context=diss","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.wku.edu:diss-1083","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/diss/84","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/diss/84","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196460","display_name":"TopSCHOLAR (Western Kentucky University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I94339441","host_organization_name":"Western Kentucky University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94339441"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8278999924659729},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W654125654.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W654125654.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59483420","https://openalex.org/W59621748","https://openalex.org/W85147638","https://openalex.org/W143826262","https://openalex.org/W159342169","https://openalex.org/W189872346","https://openalex.org/W194925182","https://openalex.org/W233462044","https://openalex.org/W234520949","https://openalex.org/W247882276","https://openalex.org/W258249566","https://openalex.org/W262353937","https://openalex.org/W274854347","https://openalex.org/W406964868","https://openalex.org/W591695878","https://openalex.org/W596206882","https://openalex.org/W1444168786","https://openalex.org/W1512198898","https://openalex.org/W1521780399","https://openalex.org/W1540020125","https://openalex.org/W1542932561","https://openalex.org/W1560781297","https://openalex.org/W1602252353","https://openalex.org/W1641141563","https://openalex.org/W1648363691","https://openalex.org/W1652448179","https://openalex.org/W1970544204","https://openalex.org/W1970777117","https://openalex.org/W1975248605","https://openalex.org/W1981984804","https://openalex.org/W1982802759","https://openalex.org/W1986152999","https://openalex.org/W1986931003","https://openalex.org/W1994914162","https://openalex.org/W1999505248","https://openalex.org/W2005920887","https://openalex.org/W2008175861","https://openalex.org/W2019431665","https://openalex.org/W2020116884","https://openalex.org/W2020328981","https://openalex.org/W2033167589","https://openalex.org/W2040732726","https://openalex.org/W2043796794","https://openalex.org/W2044274288","https://openalex.org/W2045659395","https://openalex.org/W2047158345","https://openalex.org/W2049021626","https://openalex.org/W2049482666","https://openalex.org/W2050532720","https://openalex.org/W2054570737","https://openalex.org/W2063178908","https://openalex.org/W2065942588","https://openalex.org/W2074876325","https://openalex.org/W2078030762","https://openalex.org/W2078668186","https://openalex.org/W2082697898","https://openalex.org/W2089770019","https://openalex.org/W2095162662","https://openalex.org/W2097199774","https://openalex.org/W2113627843","https://openalex.org/W2116075241","https://openalex.org/W2119443555","https://openalex.org/W2124103550","https://openalex.org/W2132136551","https://openalex.org/W2144844531","https://openalex.org/W2145350462","https://openalex.org/W2147857295","https://openalex.org/W2149994440","https://openalex.org/W2152367858","https://openalex.org/W2156931657","https://openalex.org/W2157025840","https://openalex.org/W2161905785","https://openalex.org/W2170079098","https://openalex.org/W2171954677","https://openalex.org/W2288209845","https://openalex.org/W2328487709","https://openalex.org/W2495706741","https://openalex.org/W2593388425","https://openalex.org/W2727777009","https://openalex.org/W2728196595","https://openalex.org/W2731084220","https://openalex.org/W2800547564","https://openalex.org/W2892265211","https://openalex.org/W2963692969","https://openalex.org/W2980994764","https://openalex.org/W3016870925","https://openalex.org/W3034118834","https://openalex.org/W4205478591","https://openalex.org/W4238680585","https://openalex.org/W4251270901","https://openalex.org/W4298186255"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3162139722","https://openalex.org/W2473334163","https://openalex.org/W2971914230","https://openalex.org/W7165106922","https://openalex.org/W4382654535","https://openalex.org/W3142753975","https://openalex.org/W2947742562","https://openalex.org/W4225248753","https://openalex.org/W4406354588","https://openalex.org/W2950060277"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"International":[0],"student":[1,46],"enrollment":[2],"in":[3,12,108,111,150,172],"the":[4,13,28,41,53,74,79,112,141,146,151,173],"United":[5,114],"States":[6],"has":[7],"seen":[8],"a":[9,109],"steady":[10],"growth":[11],"last":[14],"decade.":[15],"A":[16],"problem":[17],"exists":[18],"that":[19,59],"although":[20],"higher":[21,104],"education":[22,105],"institutions":[23,106],"are":[24,35],"able":[25],"to":[26,39,77,129,139,144],"meet":[27],"academic":[29],"needs":[30],"of":[31,55,73,82,154,160,176,196,207,216],"international":[32,45,61,83,155,177,197,217],"students,":[33],"they":[34],"not":[36],"properly":[37],"equipped":[38],"address":[40],"cultural":[42,65],"challenges":[43],"these":[44],"populations":[47],"face.":[48],"This":[49],"study":[50,75],"focused":[51],"on":[52,86,158,180,205],"importance":[54],"universities":[56],"introducing":[57],"initiatives":[58],"consider":[60],"students\u2019":[62],"lives":[63],"and":[64,95,124,135,143,148,163,193,213],"learning":[66],"when":[67],"at":[68],"U.S.":[69],"campuses.":[70],"The":[71,116,166],"purpose":[72],"was":[76,127],"measure":[78,145],"intercultural":[80,152,174,194,214],"sensitivity":[81,153,175,195,215],"students":[84,156,178,212],"based":[85,157,179,204],"social":[87,91,161,208],"factors":[88],"such":[89],"as":[90],"interaction":[92,209],"with":[93,190,210],"Americans":[94],"their":[96],"living":[97,164,181,189],"choice.":[98,165,182],"Data":[99,183],"were":[100,137,202],"collected":[101],"from":[102],"three":[103],"located":[107],"state":[110],"Midwest":[113],"States.":[115],"Intercultural":[117],"Sensitivity":[118],"Scale":[119],"(ISS)":[120],"developed":[121],"by":[122],"Chen":[123],"Starosta":[125],"(2000)":[126],"utilized":[128,138],"collect":[130],"data.":[131],"ANOVA,":[132],"Correlational":[133],"analyses,":[134],"ttests":[136],"analyze":[140],"data":[142],"differences":[147,171,201],"relationships":[149],"level":[159,206],"interactions":[162],"results":[167],"indicated":[168,185],"no":[169,186,200],"significant":[170],"also":[184],"relationship":[187],"between":[188],"American":[191,211],"student(s)":[192],"students.":[198,218],"Furthermore,":[199],"found":[203]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
