{"id":"https://openalex.org/W653898952","doi":null,"title":"The Development and Application of Computer-Adaptive Testing in a Higher Education Environment","display_name":"The Development and Application of Computer-Adaptive Testing in a Higher Education Environment","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W653898952","mag":"653898952"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uhra.herts.ac.uk:16174","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/id/eprint/16174/1/MLilley-PhD-December2007.pdf","pdf_url":"https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/id/eprint/16174/1/MLilley-PhD-December2007.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400241","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","host_organization_name":"University of Hertfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/id/eprint/16174/1/MLilley-PhD-December2007.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071965835","display_name":"Mariana Lilley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7853-0218","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7853-0218"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mariana Lilley","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7853-0218","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071965835"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.8476999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.8476999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.13989999890327454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10959","display_name":"Student Assessment and Feedback","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computerized-adaptive-testing","display_name":"computerized adaptive testing","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-based-testing","display_name":"computer-based testing","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-feedback","display_name":"automated feedback","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-algorithms","display_name":"adaptive algorithms","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-progress-monitoring","display_name":"student progress monitoring","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/undergraduate-computer-science-students","display_name":"computer science undergraduates","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education-evaluation","display_name":"higher education assessment","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stakeholder-attitudes","display_name":"stakeholder attitudes","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-and-validity","display_name":"reliability and validity","score":0.8519999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144352353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920411","display_name":"Computerized adaptive testing","level":3,"score":0.7078652381896973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6805163025856018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.6007052063941956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.531197726726532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5293372869491577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5186354517936707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19875794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207340","display_name":"Item response theory","level":3,"score":0.5083853602409363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.38207074999809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.35529595613479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3090432584285736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.23232445120811462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2053486406803131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11835035681724548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10257658362388611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:uhra.herts.ac.uk:16174","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/id/eprint/16174/1/MLilley-PhD-December2007.pdf","pdf_url":"https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/id/eprint/16174/1/MLilley-PhD-December2007.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400241","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","host_organization_name":"University of Hertfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uhra.herts.ac.uk:2299/1165","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2299/1165","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2299/1165","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400241","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","host_organization_name":"University of Hertfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.100.7459","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.100.7459","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/2299/1165/1/MLilley-PhD-December2007.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/953720","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/953720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"U - Thesis"},{"id":"mag:653898952","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2299/1165/MLilley-PhD-December2007.pdf;sequence=1","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:uhra.herts.ac.uk:16174","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/id/eprint/16174/1/MLilley-PhD-December2007.pdf","pdf_url":"https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/id/eprint/16174/1/MLilley-PhD-December2007.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400241","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","host_organization_name":"University of Hertfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8278999924659729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W653898952.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W653898952.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":115,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30690199","https://openalex.org/W59314124","https://openalex.org/W69196036","https://openalex.org/W71275897","https://openalex.org/W77008375","https://openalex.org/W95705139","https://openalex.org/W121198091","https://openalex.org/W128453163","https://openalex.org/W175485486","https://openalex.org/W184871534","https://openalex.org/W190485413","https://openalex.org/W202576608","https://openalex.org/W256426096","https://openalex.org/W278996298","https://openalex.org/W295741131","https://openalex.org/W361052509","https://openalex.org/W430476568","https://openalex.org/W581577831","https://openalex.org/W595100768","https://openalex.org/W650208262","https://openalex.org/W651621576","https://openalex.org/W770850115","https://openalex.org/W1152227225","https://openalex.org/W1162012236","https://openalex.org/W1479744971","https://openalex.org/W1480544305","https://openalex.org/W1482304700","https://openalex.org/W1485249900","https://openalex.org/W1489378329","https://openalex.org/W1492335444","https://openalex.org/W1504191923","https://openalex.org/W1509202185","https://openalex.org/W1509369753","https://openalex.org/W1510510149","https://openalex.org/W1518020347","https://openalex.org/W1526538092","https://openalex.org/W1528906544","https://openalex.org/W1535520578","https://openalex.org/W1537547435","https://openalex.org/W1538575647","https://openalex.org/W1547976843","https://openalex.org/W1552544621","https://openalex.org/W1553924804","https://openalex.org/W1555291448","https://openalex.org/W1556321607","https://openalex.org/W1563602594","https://openalex.org/W1580275792","https://openalex.org/W1588286827","https://openalex.org/W1591651122","https://openalex.org/W1602619613","https://openalex.org/W1602804214","https://openalex.org/W1622896514","https://openalex.org/W1715688305","https://openalex.org/W1911339382","https://openalex.org/W1968803255","https://openalex.org/W1968813825","https://openalex.org/W1978566268","https://openalex.org/W1978821895","https://openalex.org/W1992085611","https://openalex.org/W1994604337","https://openalex.org/W1995916849","https://openalex.org/W2000619651","https://openalex.org/W2020811962","https://openalex.org/W2027909523","https://openalex.org/W2028291656","https://openalex.org/W2031318910","https://openalex.org/W2039479409","https://openalex.org/W2044539516","https://openalex.org/W2045245227","https://openalex.org/W2051101288","https://openalex.org/W2064973461","https://openalex.org/W2076371837","https://openalex.org/W2077505642","https://openalex.org/W2079320007","https://openalex.org/W2081225972","https://openalex.org/W2081884989","https://openalex.org/W2083209617","https://openalex.org/W2086300286","https://openalex.org/W2100062693","https://openalex.org/W2104634228","https://openalex.org/W2106107209","https://openalex.org/W2110515480","https://openalex.org/W2114274606","https://openalex.org/W2116817443","https://openalex.org/W2120178518","https://openalex.org/W2122680524","https://openalex.org/W2124168323","https://openalex.org/W2132340700","https://openalex.org/W2132892763","https://openalex.org/W2137714867","https://openalex.org/W2145440184","https://openalex.org/W2147180014","https://openalex.org/W2147955947","https://openalex.org/W2154529566","https://openalex.org/W2162366560","https://openalex.org/W2162929365","https://openalex.org/W2276945212","https://openalex.org/W2292890803","https://openalex.org/W2328182788","https://openalex.org/W2476682297","https://openalex.org/W2481957850","https://openalex.org/W2483812617","https://openalex.org/W2492048870","https://openalex.org/W2492340817","https://openalex.org/W2494883947","https://openalex.org/W2494902702","https://openalex.org/W2498355842","https://openalex.org/W2500837401","https://openalex.org/W2506988737","https://openalex.org/W2622950377","https://openalex.org/W2752491485","https://openalex.org/W2892256973","https://openalex.org/W2997627195","https://openalex.org/W2999660727","https://openalex.org/W3143910232"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W86816765","https://openalex.org/W7097890019","https://openalex.org/W1480544305","https://openalex.org/W2045245227","https://openalex.org/W2147180014","https://openalex.org/W57323858","https://openalex.org/W2739785287","https://openalex.org/W4231393706","https://openalex.org/W1485249900","https://openalex.org/W1558688089"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,41,75,136,164,187],"research":[1,46,192],"reported":[2],"in":[3,15,117,216,294,304],"this":[4,45,59],"thesis":[5],"investigated":[6],"issues":[7,121],"relating":[8],"to":[9,37,61,72,97,119,123,141,158,218,317],"the":[10,19,30,49,63,70,83,89,102,106,124,134,151,156,159,180,184,191,196,208,223,247,255,261,271,285,288,291,302,306,311],"use":[11,289],"of":[12,24,32,35,51,67,69,92,105,110,133,153,155,161,168,190,201,240,265,274,287,290],"computer-assisted":[13],"assessment":[14,31],"Higher":[16,295],"Education":[17,296],"through":[18,82],"design,":[20,197],"implementation":[21,198],"and":[22,33,56,65,129,131,144,146,171,183,199,226,263,268,326],"evaluation":[23,200],"a":[25,54,108,176,243],"computer-adaptive":[26],"test":[27,157,308],"(CAT)":[28],"for":[29,44,88],"provision":[34],"feedback":[36,93,204,231,248,322],"Computer":[38],"Science":[39],"undergraduates.":[40],"CAT":[42,84,137,181,209,292,312],"developed":[43],"unobtrusively":[47],"monitors":[48],"performance":[50,80],"students":[52,170,319],"during":[53],"test,":[55],"then":[57],"employs":[58],"information":[60,76],"adapt":[62],"sequence":[64],"level":[66,152],"difficulty":[68,154],"questions":[71],"individual":[73,99,162,266],"students.":[74,163],"about":[77],"each":[78,98],"student":[79],"obtained":[81],"is":[85,95,324],"subsequently":[86],"employed":[87],"automated":[90,203,224],"generation":[91],"that":[94,237,254,277,323],"tailored":[96,321],"student.":[100],"In":[101,298],"first":[103],"phase":[104,189],"research,":[107],"total":[109],"twelve":[111],"empirical":[112,212],"studies":[113,213],"were":[114,214],"carried":[115],"out":[116],"order":[118,217],"investigate":[120],"related":[122],"adaptive":[125,272,307],"algorithm,":[126],"stakeholders\u2019":[127,220],"attitude,":[128],"validity":[130],"reliability":[132],"approach.":[135,210,249],"approach":[138,182,256,293,313],"was":[139,193,235,252,257],"found":[140,236,253],"be":[142,315],"valid":[143],"reliable,":[145],"also":[147],"effective":[148,258],"at":[149,229,259,269],"tailoring":[150],"ability":[160],"two":[165],"main":[166],"groups":[167,239],"stakeholders,":[169],"academic":[172],"staff,":[173],"both":[174,238],"exhibited":[175,242],"positive":[177,244],"attitude":[178,221,245],"towards":[179,222,246],"user":[185],"interface.":[186],"second":[188],"concerned":[194],"with":[195,320],"an":[202],"prototype":[205],"based":[206],"on":[207,232],"Five":[211],"conducted":[215],"assess":[219],"feedback,":[225],"its":[227],"effectiveness":[228],"providing":[230],"performance.":[233],"It":[234],"stakeholders":[241],"Furthermore,":[250],"it":[251,300],"identifying":[260],"strengths":[262],"weaknesses":[264],"students,":[267],"supporting":[270],"selection":[273],"learning":[275],"resources":[276],"meet":[278],"their":[279],"educational":[280],"needs.":[281],"This":[282],"work":[283],"discusses":[284],"implications":[286],"assessment.":[297],"addition,":[299],"demonstrates":[301],"ways":[303],"which":[305],"generated":[309],"by":[310],"can":[314],"used":[316],"provide":[318],"timely":[325],"useful.":[327]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}