{"id":"https://openalex.org/W653481674","doi":null,"title":"Carnegie: The Richest Man in the World","display_name":"Carnegie: The Richest Man in the World","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W653481674","mag":"653481674"},"language":"de","primary_location":{"id":"mag:653481674","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA85676883","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009262197","display_name":"Raymond Lamont-Brown","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raymond Lamont-Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009262197"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8121,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94160927,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13495","display_name":"Biographical and Historical Analysis","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13495","display_name":"Biographical and Historical Analysis","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13025","display_name":"American History and Culture","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/andrew-carnegie","display_name":"Andrew Carnegie","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carnegie-steel-company","display_name":"Carnegie Steel Company","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steelmaking","display_name":"steel industry","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pennsylvania-railroad","display_name":"Pennsylvania Railroad","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-industry","display_name":"iron industry","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philanthropy","display_name":"philanthropy","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dunfermline","display_name":"Dunfermline","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scottish-immigrants","display_name":"Scottish immigrants","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pittsburgh","display_name":"Pittsburgh","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/league-of-nations","display_name":"League of Nations","score":0.5230000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778983918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188830","display_name":"Wife","level":2,"score":0.7366008758544922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67101536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5535910","display_name":"George (robot)","level":2,"score":0.6842777729034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81631423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859","display_name":"Spanish Civil War","level":2,"score":0.5889921188354492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207456731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660818","display_name":"League","level":2,"score":0.5672386288642883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.5109040141105652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137355542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362","display_name":"World War II","level":2,"score":0.4295431673526764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4188652038574219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.39026522636413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.36055853962898254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.35458147525787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.3438166379928589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2591758370399475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2407238483428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.2123534083366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:653481674","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA85676883","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408594990","https://openalex.org/W7068127146","https://openalex.org/W594555921","https://openalex.org/W7040067700","https://openalex.org/W156982638","https://openalex.org/W649440051","https://openalex.org/W1518097214","https://openalex.org/W635749435","https://openalex.org/W196534267","https://openalex.org/W7054650434"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"book":[1],"charts":[2],"the":[3,22,42,46,58,68,84,88,91,97,159,172],"life":[4,40,110],"of":[5,15,25,70,102,171,179],"Andrew":[6,35,64],"Carnegie,":[7,138],"from":[8,38,96],"Dunfermline":[9,52],"bobbin":[10],"boy":[11],"to":[12,60,62,145,174],"Steel":[13,127],"King":[14,156],"America.":[16],"The":[17],"empire":[18],"he":[19,182],"forged":[20],"in":[21,29,45,51,53,90,111,151,188],"steel":[23,119,130],"furnaces":[24],"Pittsburgh":[26],"was":[27,49,65,100,169],"sold":[28],"1901":[30],"for":[31,176],"$480":[32],"million":[33,186],"and":[34,94,113,123,142,153,165,181],"Carnegie":[36,48,77,126],"retired":[37],"business":[39],"as":[41],"richest":[43],"man":[44],"world.":[47],"born":[50],"1835,":[54],"but":[55],"poverty":[56],"forced":[57],"Carnegies":[59],"immigrate":[61],"Pittsburgh.":[63],"taken":[66],"under":[67],"wing":[69],"Thomas":[71],"A":[72],"Scott,":[73],"at":[74],"Pennsylvania":[75],"Railroad.":[76,98],"worked":[78],"his":[79,116,136,140],"way":[80],"up":[81],"and,":[82],"after":[83],"Civil":[85],"War,":[86],"saw":[87],"potential":[89],"iron":[92],"industry":[93,112],"resigned":[95],"It":[99],"one":[101,170],"many":[103],"bold":[104],"moves":[105],"that":[106],"would":[107],"typify":[108],"Carnegie's":[109],"earn":[114],"him":[115],"fortune.":[117],"His":[118],"juggernaut":[120],"became":[121],"unstoppable,":[122],"by":[124],"1900":[125],"produced":[128],"more":[129],"than":[131],"Great":[132],"Britain.":[133],"After":[134],"selling":[135],"company":[137],"with":[139],"wife":[141],"daughter,":[143],"returned":[144],"Scotland.":[146],"He":[147,168],"bought":[148],"Skibo":[149],"Castle":[150],"1898":[152],"here":[154],"entertained":[155],"Edward":[157],"VII,":[158],"Rockefellers,":[160],"Rudyard":[161],"Kipling,":[162],"Lloyd":[163],"George,":[164],"Helen":[166],"Keller.":[167],"first":[173],"call":[175],"a":[177],"'league":[178],"nations'":[180],"gave":[183],"away":[184],"350":[185],"dollars":[187],"charitable":[189],"schemes.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-25T09:29:13.331239","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
