{"id":"https://openalex.org/W652461298","doi":null,"title":"From slaves to palm oil: Slave trade and palm oil trade in the Bight of Biafra","display_name":"From slaves to palm oil: Slave trade and palm oil trade in the Bight of Biafra","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W652461298","mag":"652461298"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/505777","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/505777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"I - Miscellaneous"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044674256","display_name":"Gwilliam Iwan Jones","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gwilliam Iwan Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044674256"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13204531,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12144","display_name":"Colonialism, slavery, and trade","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12144","display_name":"Colonialism, slavery, and trade","score":0.9639000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14395","display_name":"African history and culture studies","score":0.021299999207258224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12703","display_name":"Oil Palm Production and Sustainability","score":0.010599999688565731,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slave-trade","display_name":"slave trade","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/palm-oil-trade","display_name":"palm oil trade","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bight-of-biafra","display_name":"Bight of Biafra","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transatlantic-slave-trade","display_name":"transatlantic slave trade","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonial-trade","display_name":"colonial trade","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/west-african-history","display_name":"West African history","score":0.4320000112056732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988237154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231458","display_name":"Palm oil","level":2,"score":0.9330145716667175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94598645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2347874","display_name":"Palm","level":2,"score":0.7988297939300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.24278652667999268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.16823643445968628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/505777","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/505777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"I - Miscellaneous"},{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/506909","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/506909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"R - Report"},{"id":"mag:652461298","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA13730484","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2589684490","https://openalex.org/W2291270334","https://openalex.org/W3150018200","https://openalex.org/W2118870454","https://openalex.org/W3024564362","https://openalex.org/W7066238248","https://openalex.org/W4392333050","https://openalex.org/W60680915","https://openalex.org/W1488853184","https://openalex.org/W6905591862"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-25T09:29:13.331239","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
