{"id":"https://openalex.org/W65169176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20041171","title":"Nuclear Weapons and the Atlantic Alliance","display_name":"Nuclear Weapons and the Atlantic Alliance","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W65169176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20041171","mag":"65169176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/20041171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20041171","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20041171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7015929","display_name":"Foreign Affairs","issn_l":"0015-7120","issn":["0015-7120","2327-7793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316137","host_organization_name":"Council on Foreign Relations","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316137"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Council on Foreign Relations"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foreign Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018869562","display_name":"McGeorge Bundy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"McGeorge Bundy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009890002","display_name":"George Frost Kennan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George F. Kennan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005180788","display_name":"Robert S. McNamara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7143-2225","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7143-2225"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert S. McNamara","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108791503","display_name":"Gerard C. Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerard Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":142.3078,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":149,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9998947,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"4","first_page":"753","last_page":"753"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13120","display_name":"Nuclear Issues and Defense","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13120","display_name":"Nuclear Issues and Defense","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13369","display_name":"European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-weapons","display_name":"nuclear weapons","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atlantic-alliance","display_name":"Atlantic alliance","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nato","display_name":"NATO","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-strategy","display_name":"nuclear strategy","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-deterrence","display_name":"nuclear deterrence","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-war","display_name":"Cold War","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soviet-nuclear-weapons","display_name":"Soviet nuclear weapons","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-monopoly","display_name":"nuclear monopoly","score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conventional-forces","display_name":"conventional forces","score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/us-nuclear-policy","display_name":"US nuclear policy","score":0.3709999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778431023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878249","display_name":"Alliance","level":2,"score":0.8484628200531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194110935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12802","display_name":"Nuclear weapon","level":2,"score":0.7211678624153137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5967576503753662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.4692245423793793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3621845841407776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.34708550572395325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.21043238043785095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.18387752771377563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.17372086644172668}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/20041171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20041171","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20041171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7015929","display_name":"Foreign Affairs","issn_l":"0015-7120","issn":["0015-7120","2327-7793"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316137","host_organization_name":"Council on Foreign Relations","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316137"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Council on Foreign Relations"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Foreign Affairs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W614105526","https://openalex.org/W2480129763","https://openalex.org/W3128207062","https://openalex.org/W7030619544","https://openalex.org/W2021419784","https://openalex.org/W2088956248","https://openalex.org/W2029401426","https://openalex.org/W3171966632","https://openalex.org/W2487243965","https://openalex.org/W69862372"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Te":[0],"are":[1],"four":[2],"Americans":[3],"who":[4],"have":[5],"been":[6,37],"concerned":[7],"over":[8],"many":[9],"years":[10,98],"with":[11],"the":[12,18,23,26,58,68,73,100,106,110,123,145,157,162,166,174],"relation":[13],"between":[14,152],"nuclear":[15,115],"weapons":[16,116],"and":[17,20,57,135,141,156],"peace":[19],"freedom":[21],"of":[22,25,33,60,109,161],"members":[24],"Atlantic":[27,101],"Alliance.":[28],"Having":[29],"learned":[30],"that":[31,70,77,144],"each":[32],"us":[34],"separately":[35],"has":[36,103],"coming":[38],"to":[39,51,88,93,113,119],"hold":[40],"new":[41,79],"views":[42],"on":[43,105],"this":[44],"hard":[45],"but":[46,85],"vital":[47],"question,":[48],"we":[49],"decided":[50],"see":[52],"how":[53],"far":[54],"our":[55,61],"thoughts,":[56],"lessons":[59],"varied":[62],"experiences,":[63],"could":[64],"be":[65],"put":[66],"together;":[67],"essay":[69],"follows":[71],"is":[72],"result.":[74],"It":[75],"argues":[76],"a":[78,90],"policy":[80],"can":[81],"bring":[82],"great":[83,134],"benefits,":[84],"it":[86,127],"aims":[87],"start":[89],"discussion^":[91],"not":[92],"end":[94],"it.":[95],"For":[96],"33":[97],"now,":[99],"Alliance":[102],"relied":[104],"asserted":[107],"readiness":[108],"United":[111],"States":[112],"use":[114],"if":[117],"necessary":[118],"repel":[120],"aggression":[121],"from":[122],"East.":[124],"Initially,":[125],"indeed,":[126],"was":[128,151],"widely":[129],"thought":[130],"(notably":[131],"by":[132],"such":[133],"different":[136],"men":[137],"as":[138],"Winston":[139],"Churchill":[140],"Niels":[142],"Bohr)":[143],"basic":[146],"military":[147],"balance":[148],"in":[149,170],"Europe":[150],"American":[153,175],"atomic":[154],"bombs":[155],"massive":[158],"conventional":[159],"forces":[160],"Soviet":[163,168],"Union.":[164],"But":[165],"first":[167],"explosion,":[169],"August":[171],"1949,":[172],"ended":[173],"monopoly":[176],"only":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}