{"id":"https://openalex.org/W651604508","doi":null,"title":"Gas Heated Steam Reformer Modelling","display_name":"Gas Heated Steam Reformer Modelling","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W651604508","mag":"651604508"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:brage.bibsys.no:11250/248060","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/248060","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/248060","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400255","display_name":"BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173212132","host_organization_name":"Vilnius University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Doctoral thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/248060","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084340423","display_name":"Margrete H\u00e5nes Wesenberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Margrete H\u00e5nes Wesenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084340423"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10495","display_name":"Catalysts for Methane Reforming","score":0.9398999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1503","display_name":"Catalysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10495","display_name":"Catalysts for Methane Reforming","score":0.9398999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1503","display_name":"Catalysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12063","display_name":"Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media","score":0.03889999911189079,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10615","display_name":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-gas-conversion","display_name":"natural gas conversion","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syngas-production","display_name":"syngas production","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulent-heat-transfer","display_name":"turbulent heat transfer","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-radiation","display_name":"gas radiation","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-ordinates-method","display_name":"discrete ordinates method","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-epsilon-turbulence-model","display_name":"k-epsilon turbulence model","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-difference-model","display_name":"finite difference model","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudo-homogeneous-model","display_name":"pseudo-homogeneous model","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-models","display_name":"heterogeneous models","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/species-transport","display_name":"species transport","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/countercurrent-flow","display_name":"countercurrent flow","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methanol-synthesis","display_name":"methanol synthesis","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-production","display_name":"hydrogen production","score":0.6309999823570251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59427239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40858","display_name":"Natural gas","level":2,"score":0.7304286360740662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43535742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556466","display_name":"Steam reforming","level":4,"score":0.6609752774238586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.5540270209312439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167206829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2556360","display_name":"Flue gas","level":2,"score":0.5129058361053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138171918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38423","display_name":"Diesel fuel","level":2,"score":0.45479917526245117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.43262654542922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26625249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909363","display_name":"Fuel gas","level":3,"score":0.4201434552669525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.39700108766555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.3880014419555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202189072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929999","display_name":"Hydrogen production","level":3,"score":0.26728901267051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.20134416222572327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512968161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556","display_name":"Hydrogen","level":2,"score":0.16301077604293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:brage.bibsys.no:11250/248060","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/248060","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/248060","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400255","display_name":"BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173212132","host_organization_name":"Vilnius University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Doctoral thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/248060","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/248060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"mag:651604508","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/handle/11250/248060","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:brage.bibsys.no:11250/248060","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/248060","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/248060","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400255","display_name":"BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173212132","host_organization_name":"Vilnius University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Doctoral thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9090999960899353}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311040","display_name":"Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W651604508.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W651604508.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101359386","https://openalex.org/W240079847","https://openalex.org/W589313602","https://openalex.org/W1214580979","https://openalex.org/W1516460738","https://openalex.org/W1535438844","https://openalex.org/W1569685525","https://openalex.org/W1572680555","https://openalex.org/W1597285101","https://openalex.org/W1611779850","https://openalex.org/W1933981180","https://openalex.org/W1964851161","https://openalex.org/W1968567229","https://openalex.org/W1971487307","https://openalex.org/W1971574626","https://openalex.org/W1974293275","https://openalex.org/W1975848067","https://openalex.org/W1976555389","https://openalex.org/W1978408628","https://openalex.org/W1981607773","https://openalex.org/W1986936380","https://openalex.org/W1989528125","https://openalex.org/W1989948000","https://openalex.org/W1993561793","https://openalex.org/W1997132488","https://openalex.org/W2000627941","https://openalex.org/W2004430970","https://openalex.org/W2005249633","https://openalex.org/W2006605740","https://openalex.org/W2007030263","https://openalex.org/W2009274108","https://openalex.org/W2009962518","https://openalex.org/W2010960965","https://openalex.org/W2013579990","https://openalex.org/W2016538871","https://openalex.org/W2017294231","https://openalex.org/W2019720508","https://openalex.org/W2024133923","https://openalex.org/W2026902241","https://openalex.org/W2027757997","https://openalex.org/W2028464786","https://openalex.org/W2028491809","https://openalex.org/W2031580717","https://openalex.org/W2032493447","https://openalex.org/W2034882508","https://openalex.org/W2035980799","https://openalex.org/W2043835839","https://openalex.org/W2044951034","https://openalex.org/W2044954471","https://openalex.org/W2047210284","https://openalex.org/W2048349158","https://openalex.org/W2051381486","https://openalex.org/W2053655976","https://openalex.org/W2058568074","https://openalex.org/W2061699238","https://openalex.org/W2062127480","https://openalex.org/W2066534865","https://openalex.org/W2068788340","https://openalex.org/W2072897877","https://openalex.org/W2075886908","https://openalex.org/W2077850881","https://openalex.org/W2080085588","https://openalex.org/W2080480275","https://openalex.org/W2087236552","https://openalex.org/W2089740362","https://openalex.org/W2094112193","https://openalex.org/W2094411345","https://openalex.org/W2103836757","https://openalex.org/W2105744137","https://openalex.org/W2116654172","https://openalex.org/W2116956268","https://openalex.org/W2125489053","https://openalex.org/W2128621905","https://openalex.org/W2134994273","https://openalex.org/W2139327854","https://openalex.org/W2210760631","https://openalex.org/W2506450010","https://openalex.org/W2780214753","https://openalex.org/W2903052324","https://openalex.org/W3043773898","https://openalex.org/W3135227555","https://openalex.org/W3147108748"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016538871","https://openalex.org/W2913561683","https://openalex.org/W2055295516","https://openalex.org/W2161510789","https://openalex.org/W146625046","https://openalex.org/W7117294434","https://openalex.org/W7216651207","https://openalex.org/W2010396284","https://openalex.org/W7073665225","https://openalex.org/W2056316577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Conversion":[0],"of":[1,22,27,41,65,85,90,200,209,220,258,273,296,303,371,442,504,508,541,594,649,694,721],"natural":[2,43,80,142],"gas":[3,34,44,67,73,77,118,143,160,171,185,207,426,559],"is":[4,58,123,164,182,252,325,338,359,380,414,428],"becoming":[5],"increasingly":[6],"relevant":[7],"in":[8,36,72,312,390,407,475,482,534,572,658],"the":[9,12,28,37,42,63,75,86,99,110,114,148,159,184,201,205,210,216,221,242,274,281,285,297,304,348,353,366,372,376,391,397,417,432,437,446,462,476,483,496,502,505,509,517,526,539,542,552,558,562,585,605,614,621,628,639,665,673,676,684,695,699,703,714,719,722,727],"future":[10,50],"as":[11,54,231,233,655],"world":[13],"energy":[14,51,129],"market":[15],"will":[16],"demand":[17,134],"cleaner":[18,20],"fuels,":[19],"production":[21,78,119],"fuels":[23,52,95],"and":[24,31,49,56,112,128,138,176,204,212,284,299,318,332,347,471,554,561,660,702],"better":[25],"utilization":[26],"large,":[29],"remote,":[30],"still":[32,381],"undiscovered":[33],"reserves":[35],"world.":[38],"The":[39,116,190,226,277,322,335,369,394,421,465,590],"refining":[40],"to":[45,154,193,214,352,461,538,551,613,627,647,662,718],"synthetic":[46,94,117],"gasoline,":[47],"diesel":[48],"such":[53],"methanol":[55,92],"hydrogen":[57],"a":[59,91,124,165,195,239,253,259,315,319,360,522],"solution":[60,292],"for":[61,108,269,342,396,445,495,516,525,664,669,726],"making":[62],"most":[64],"these":[66],"reserves.\\n\\nThe":[68],"intermediate":[69],"process":[70,104],"step":[71],"refining,":[74],"synthesis":[76,178],"from":[79,691],"gas,":[81],"represents":[82],"60\u201380":[83],"%":[84],"total":[87],"investment":[88],"cost":[89],"or":[93,172],"plant.":[96],"This":[97,488,631,688],"drives":[98],"technological":[100],"development":[101],"within":[102],"this":[103,595],"field":[105],"towards":[106],"improvements":[107],"increasing":[109],"efficiency":[111],"reducing":[113],"costs.":[115],"by":[120,141,169,173,265,290,327,383,404,416,425,430,436,456,683],"steam":[121,157,187,574],"reforming":[122],"widely":[125],"used,":[126],"expensive":[127],"demanding":[130],"technology.":[131],"Steam":[132],"reformers":[133],"large":[135],"base":[136],"areas":[137],"are":[139,247,288,402,569,610],"heated":[140,161,168,177,186],"combustion.":[144],"Technological":[145],"developments":[146],"over":[147],"past":[149],"two":[150,313,477,640],"decades":[151],"have":[152],"lead":[153],"an":[155,266,385],"alternative":[156,622,704],"reformer,":[158,162],"which":[163,609],"compact":[166],"unit":[167],"flue":[170],"further":[174],"converted":[175],"gas.\\n\\nThis":[179],"doctoral":[180],"thesis":[181,596],"treating":[183],"reformer":[188,211,575],"(GHR).":[189],"motivation":[191],"was":[192,454,491,498,514,547,689,716],"develop":[194],"complete":[196,227],"mathematical":[197,218],"model":[198,228,251,257,283,310,317,358,364,593,697,724],"combining":[199],"reactor":[202,282,306,309,587,592,678],"side":[203,208],"hot":[206],"furthermore":[213],"investigate":[215],"best":[217],"descriptions":[219],"heat":[222,244,300,336,349,378,423,555],"transport":[223,245,324,337,379,424,556,600,636,643,686],"mechanisms":[224,246],"involved.":[225],"should":[229],"be":[230,237,648],"simple":[232],"possible":[234],"but":[235],"nevertheless":[236],"on":[238,375,578],"level":[240],"where":[241,412,545],"important":[243],"adequately":[248],"modelled.\\n\\nThe":[249,548],"resulting":[250],"two-dimensional,":[254],"finite":[255],"difference":[256],"packed":[260],"bed":[261],"catalytic":[262],"tube":[263,307],"enclosed":[264],"annular":[267],"section":[268],"counter":[270],"current":[271],"flow":[272,363,374],"heating":[275],"gas.":[276],"separate":[278],"partial":[279],"models,":[280],"annulus":[286,357],"model,":[287],"connected":[289],"iterative":[291],"with":[293,340,452],"direct":[294],"substitution":[295],"temperature":[298,392,473,535],"flux":[301],"profiles":[302,474,536,540],"outer":[305],"wall.\\n\\nThe":[308],"comes":[311],"versions:":[314],"heterogeneous":[316,573,591,723],"pseudohomogeneous":[320],"model.":[321,420],"species":[323],"described":[326],"radial":[328,343,377,387,399,422,448,472,506,511,528],"dispersion,":[329],"axial":[330,345,470],"convection":[331,346],"chemical":[333],"reaction.":[334],"modelled":[339,415],"terms":[341],"conduction,":[344],"sink":[350],"related":[351,550],"net":[354],"endothermic":[355],"reactions.\\n\\nThe":[356],"simplified":[361],"plug":[362],"disregarding":[365],"turbulence":[367,413,419,546],"present.":[368],"effect":[370],"turbulent":[373],"included,":[382],"using":[384,698],"effective":[386,398,447,510,527],"thermal":[388,400,449,512,529],"conductivity":[389,450,513,530],"equation.":[393],"values":[395],"conductivities":[401],"provided":[403],"external":[405],"simulations":[406,459,544,679,693],"computational":[408],"fluid":[409],"dynamics":[410],"(CFD),":[411],"k-\u03b5":[418],"radiation":[427],"included":[429],"solving":[431],"radiative":[433],"intensity":[434],"equations":[435],"discrete":[438],"ordinates":[439],"method.\\n\\nThe":[440],"method":[441,490],"importing":[443],"data":[444],"calculated":[451],"CFD":[453,463,543],"evaluated":[455],"running":[457],"test":[458],"comparable":[460],"simulations.":[464,520],"results":[466,709,720],"showed":[467,603],"almost":[468,711],"identical":[469,717],"models":[478,484],"when":[479,651],"all":[480,598],"dissimilarities":[481],"were":[485,565,618,645,680,710],"allowed":[486],"for.":[487],"simplifying":[489],"thus":[492],"approved":[493],"adequate":[494],"purpose.\\n\\nIt":[497],"also":[499],"found":[500,646],"that":[501,580,604,633],"inclusion":[503],"profile":[507],"significant":[515],"overall":[518,586,677],"GHR":[519],"Using":[521],"mean":[523],"value":[524],"did":[531],"not":[532,583],"result":[533],"similar":[537],"restrictions":[549,644],"mass":[553],"between":[557,638],"bulk":[560,629],"porous":[563],"pellets":[564],"investigated.":[566],"These":[567,642,707],"resistances":[568],"usually":[570],"neglected":[571],"modelling":[576],"based":[577],"assumptions":[579],"they":[581],"do":[582],"affect":[584],"simulation":[588,708],"results.":[589],"includes":[597],"pellet":[599,615],"resistances.":[601,728],"Estimations":[602],"reaction":[606,656],"effectiveness":[607,623,700,705],"factors,":[608],"defined":[611,625],"relative":[612,626],"surface":[616],"conditions,":[617],"greater":[619],"than":[620],"factors":[624,701],"conditions.":[630],"implies":[632],"there":[634],"exist":[635],"limitations":[637],"phases.":[641],"importance":[650],"evaluating":[652],"local":[653],"effects,":[654],"kinetics":[657],"general":[659],"approach":[661],"equilibrium":[663],"coke":[666],"reactions":[667],"responsible":[668],"catalyst":[670],"deactivation.":[671],"On":[672],"other":[674],"hand,":[675],"hardly":[681],"influenced":[682],"interphase":[685],"limitations.":[687],"seen":[690],"comparative":[692],"pseudo-homogeneous":[696],"factors.":[706],"equal,":[712],"while":[713],"latter":[715],"accounting":[725]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
