{"id":"https://openalex.org/W65044845","doi":null,"title":"Associates of bone mineral density in older African Americans.","display_name":"Associates of bone mineral density in older African Americans.","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W65044845","mag":"65044845","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15622691","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2568675"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2568675","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2568675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2568675","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042640464","display_name":"John B. Robbins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Robbins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA. jarobbins@ucdavis.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA. jarobbins@ucdavis.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031077891","display_name":"Calvin H. Hirsch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-9307","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-9307"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Calvin Hirsch","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025402303","display_name":"Jane A. Cauley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0752-4408","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0752-4408"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jane Cauley","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5052,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82280488,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"96","issue":"12","first_page":"1609","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10397","display_name":"Nutrition and Health in Aging","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11655","display_name":"HIV-related health complications and treatments","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-mineral-density","display_name":"bone mineral density","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american-older-adults","display_name":"African American older adults","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-weight","display_name":"body weight","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteoporosis-risk","display_name":"osteoporosis risk","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteoporotic-fractures","display_name":"osteoporotic fractures","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging","display_name":"aging","score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk-factors","display_name":"cardiovascular risk factors","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-status","display_name":"functional status","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifestyle-factors","display_name":"lifestyle factors","score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medication","display_name":"medication","score":0.6629999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8640934228897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776886416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4941567","display_name":"Bone mineral","level":3,"score":0.7935328483581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.6048870086669922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.5653620362281799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.46808725595474243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779329777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2304401","display_name":"Bone density","level":3,"score":0.46535760164260864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987028688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49085","display_name":"African american","level":2,"score":0.44157636165618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776541429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165328","display_name":"Osteoporosis","level":2,"score":0.4309806823730469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4227343201637268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.37562239170074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2549261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43455","display_name":"Ethnology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001835","descriptor_name":"Body Weight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010024","descriptor_name":"Osteoporosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015519","descriptor_name":"Bone Density","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2568675","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2568675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:15622691","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15622691","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:65044845","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15622691","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2568675","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2568675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G161289361","display_name":"CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND STROKE","funder_award_id":"n01hc085079-024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3993082116","display_name":"CENTRAL BLOOD ANALYSIS LABORATORY FOR CHS","funder_award_id":"n01hc085086-022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4459357417","display_name":"NATIONAL RESEARCH AND DEMONSTRATION CENTER-ARTERIOSCLERO","funder_award_id":"P60HL015103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968774230","https://openalex.org/W1969246754","https://openalex.org/W1973420112","https://openalex.org/W1979344569","https://openalex.org/W1981583613","https://openalex.org/W1993857965","https://openalex.org/W1997848334","https://openalex.org/W2028118564","https://openalex.org/W2029660235","https://openalex.org/W2032917145","https://openalex.org/W2038647735","https://openalex.org/W2049531575","https://openalex.org/W2057018476","https://openalex.org/W2063727524","https://openalex.org/W2074621030","https://openalex.org/W2076074347","https://openalex.org/W2077758720","https://openalex.org/W2081242492","https://openalex.org/W2084795703","https://openalex.org/W2086640594","https://openalex.org/W2093505519","https://openalex.org/W2093765358","https://openalex.org/W2100987599","https://openalex.org/W2124011858","https://openalex.org/W2150879111","https://openalex.org/W2159590047","https://openalex.org/W2323830513","https://openalex.org/W4294185218"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120943956","https://openalex.org/W2049096000","https://openalex.org/W2333566638","https://openalex.org/W2368955854","https://openalex.org/W2024643485","https://openalex.org/W1978628867","https://openalex.org/W1986305420","https://openalex.org/W2031494944","https://openalex.org/W2075340503","https://openalex.org/W1965787272"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"To":[1],"assess":[2],"correlates":[3],"of":[4,149,166,183],"bone":[5],"mineral":[6],"density":[7],"(BMD)":[8],"in":[9,84,89,95,100,107,112,142,159,175,188],"older":[10,167,198],"African":[11,168],"Americans.":[12],"PARTICIPANTS:":[13],"189":[14],"women":[15,143,202],"and":[16,39,201],"115":[17],"men":[18,176,200],"over":[19],"age":[20,190],"64.":[21],"METHODS:":[22],"Variables":[23,42],"investigated:":[24],"BMD":[25,47,68,119,171,210],"by":[26],"dual":[27],"X-ray":[28],"absorptiometry":[29],"(DXA),":[30],"medications,":[31],"cardiovascular":[32],"disease":[33],"risk":[34,207,218],"factors,":[35],"demographic,":[36],"lifestyle":[37],"factors":[38],"functional":[40],"status.":[41],"showing":[43],"univariate":[44],"correlation":[45],"with":[46,118,154],"(p":[48,144],"<":[49,122,145],"or":[50],"=":[51],"0.1)":[52],"were":[53,129],"entered":[54],"into":[55],"sex-stratified":[56],"linear":[57],"regression":[58],"models.":[59],"RESULTS:":[60],"Age":[61,135],"range":[62],"67-96":[63],"(mean":[64],"75).":[65],"The":[66,124],"mean":[67],"(gm/":[69],"cm2":[70],"+/-":[71],"standard":[72],"deviation)":[73],"is":[74],"reported":[75],"for":[76,126,133,139,181,208,219],"three":[77],"sites.":[78],"Total":[79,102],"body:":[80],"1.03":[81],"(+/-":[82,87,93,98,105,110],"0.12)":[83],"women,":[85,96,108],"1.21":[86],"0.11)":[88],"men.":[90,101,113],"Spine:":[91],"1.05":[92],"0.24)":[94],"1.22":[97],"0.26)":[99],"hip:":[103],"0.85":[104],"0.15)":[106],"1.04":[109],"0.17)":[111],"Gender":[114],"was":[115,136,152,172],"significantly":[116,173,205],"associated":[117,153],"(t-test,":[120],"p":[121],"0.001).":[123],"R2":[125],"tested":[127],"variables":[128],"highly":[130],"significant":[131,138],"only":[132,137],"weight.":[134],"total":[140],"hip":[141],"0.05).":[146],"Each":[147],"kilogram":[148],"weight":[150],"change":[151,158],"a":[155,163],"5.3-6.8":[156],"mg/cm2":[157],"BMD.":[160],"CONCLUSIONS:":[161],"In":[162],"population-based":[164],"cohort":[165],"Americans,":[169],"average":[170],"greater":[174,217],"than":[177],"women.":[178],"Weight":[179],"accounted":[180],"most":[182],"the":[184,194],"explained":[185],"variability":[186],"(R2)":[187],"BMD;":[189],"added":[191],"little":[192],"to":[193,214],"overall":[195],"R2.":[196],"Lower-weight,":[197],"African-American":[199],"are":[203],"at":[204,216],"increased":[206],"low":[209],"and,":[211],"thus,":[212],"likely":[213],"be":[215],"osteoporotic":[220],"fracture.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}