{"id":"https://openalex.org/W648389685","doi":null,"title":"Patents as scientific and technical literature","display_name":"Patents as scientific and technical literature","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W648389685","mag":"648389685"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:648389685","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://openlibrary.org/books/OL1084679M/Patents_as_scientific_and_technical_literature","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063313863","display_name":"Richard D. Walker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2123-5565","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2123-5565"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2123-5565","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063313863"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28342246,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13673","display_name":"Library Science and Information","score":0.00930000003427267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patents","display_name":"patents","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-databases","display_name":"patent databases","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-search","display_name":"patent search","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bibliographic-control","display_name":"bibliographic control","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-information-sources","display_name":"patent information sources","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computerized-database","display_name":"computerized database","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-services","display_name":"online services","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biotechnology-patents","display_name":"biotechnology patents","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-search-strategies","display_name":"information search strategies","score":0.5230000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.730709433555603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.6118903160095215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5395028591156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4843822419643402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.47936660051345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.47691866755485535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781083858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17327049","display_name":"Scientific literature","level":2,"score":0.441409170627594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06371891498565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:648389685","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://openlibrary.org/books/OL1084679M/Patents_as_scientific_and_technical_literature","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.75}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2396243622","https://openalex.org/W752932992","https://openalex.org/W2049148160","https://openalex.org/W2503478524","https://openalex.org/W2000508324","https://openalex.org/W4387073548","https://openalex.org/W2594631356","https://openalex.org/W2152639615","https://openalex.org/W7033069260","https://openalex.org/W2146299866"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Several":[0],"developments":[1],"have":[2],"contributed":[3],"to":[4,40,76,86],"the":[5,16,22,49,65,68,88],"discovery":[6],"that":[7],"patents":[8,26,97],"are":[9,84],"an":[10],"invaluable":[11],"source":[12],"of":[13,25,60,90,117,128],"scientific":[14],"information:":[15],"new":[17],"accessibility":[18],"via":[19],"computerized":[20],"databases,":[21],"expanded":[23,44],"coverage":[24],"into":[27],"such":[28],"areas":[29],"as":[30,109,111],"biotechnology,":[31],"computer":[32],"programs,":[33],"and":[34,43,67,72,82,94,100,106],"live":[35],"animals,":[36],"improved":[37],"formats,":[38],"easier":[39],"read":[41],"text,":[42],"bibliographic":[45],"control.":[46],"Walker":[47],"describes":[48],"many":[50,69],"uses":[51],"for":[52],"information":[53,101,118,123],"found":[54],"in":[55,103,114,124],"patents,":[56],"followed":[57],"by":[58],"details":[59],"their":[61],"availability":[62],"from":[63],"around":[64],"world":[66],"printed,":[70],"online,":[71],"CD-ROM":[73],"services":[74],"designed":[75],"make":[77],"them":[78],"accessible.":[79],"Searching":[80],"techniques":[81],"strategies":[83],"given":[85],"facilitate":[87],"use":[89],"both":[91],"subject":[92],"files":[93],"those":[95],"covering":[96],"exclusively.":[98],"Librarians":[99],"scientists":[102],"general":[104],"science":[105],"technical":[107],"collections":[108],"well":[110],"patent":[112,129],"searchers":[113],"a":[115],"variety":[116],"agencies":[119],"will":[120],"find":[121],"valuable":[122],"this":[125],"comprehensive":[126],"treatment":[127],"sources.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
