{"id":"https://openalex.org/W647688880","doi":null,"title":"Independent Local Radio (ILR) in the West Midlands, 1972-1984: a Comparative Study of BRMB Radio and Beacon Radio.","display_name":"Independent Local Radio (ILR) in the West Midlands, 1972-1984: a Comparative Study of BRMB Radio and Beacon Radio.","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W647688880","mag":"647688880"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:wrap.eprints.org:1430","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.worc.ac.uk/1430/1/Independent_Local_Radio_%28ILR%29_in_the_West_Midlands%2C_1972-198.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.worc.ac.uk/1430/1/Independent_Local_Radio_%28ILR%29_in_the_West_Midlands%2C_1972-198.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400296","display_name":"Worcester Research and Publications (University of Worcester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I808010","host_organization_name":"University of Worcester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I808010"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.worc.ac.uk/1430/1/Independent_Local_Radio_%28ILR%29_in_the_West_Midlands%2C_1972-198.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Derek Allen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Derek Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13766","display_name":"Media, Journalism, and Communication History","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13766","display_name":"Media, Journalism, and Communication History","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10133","display_name":"News Media Framing and Political Communication","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13625","display_name":"Journalism and Media Studies","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/west-midlands","display_name":"West Midlands","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-service-broadcasting","display_name":"public service broadcasting","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-broadcasting-authority","display_name":"Independent Broadcasting Authority","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadcasting-regulation","display_name":"broadcasting regulation","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercial-radio","display_name":"commercial radio","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising-revenue","display_name":"advertising revenue","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-management","display_name":"radio management","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/music-policy","display_name":"music policy","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-presenters","display_name":"radio hosts","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-radio-stations","display_name":"local radio","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-country","display_name":"Black Country","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wolverhampton","display_name":"Wolverhampton","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/birmingham","display_name":"Birmingham","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadcasting-policy","display_name":"broadcasting policy","score":0.36399999260902405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58911810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273623","display_name":"Radio broadcasting","level":2,"score":0.7502469420433044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556509198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26398","display_name":"Public broadcasting","level":2,"score":0.7247738242149353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110157686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922122","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","level":2,"score":0.7097681760787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119452085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378498","display_name":"Commercial broadcasting","level":3,"score":0.6316080689430237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.5355330109596252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780110086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161837","display_name":"Public service","level":2,"score":0.4559415578842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.45221439003944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.4248274266719818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4054163098335266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3451277017593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3152746558189392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2046372890472412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.20456883311271667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20147976279258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.11118069291114807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0754757821559906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:wrap.eprints.org:1430","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.worc.ac.uk/1430/1/Independent_Local_Radio_%28ILR%29_in_the_West_Midlands%2C_1972-198.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.worc.ac.uk/1430/1/Independent_Local_Radio_%28ILR%29_in_the_West_Midlands%2C_1972-198.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400296","display_name":"Worcester Research and Publications (University of Worcester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I808010","host_organization_name":"University of Worcester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I808010"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:647688880","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.worc.ac.uk/1430/1/Independent_Local_Radio_%28ILR%29_in_the_West_Midlands%2C_1972-198.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:wrap.eprints.org:1430","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.worc.ac.uk/1430/1/Independent_Local_Radio_%28ILR%29_in_the_West_Midlands%2C_1972-198.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.worc.ac.uk/1430/1/Independent_Local_Radio_%28ILR%29_in_the_West_Midlands%2C_1972-198.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400296","display_name":"Worcester Research and Publications (University of Worcester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I808010","host_organization_name":"University of Worcester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I808010"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311707","display_name":"University of Worcester","ror":"https://ror.org/00v6s9648"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312710","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0090zs177"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W647688880.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W647688880.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79254837","https://openalex.org/W112644304","https://openalex.org/W148678220","https://openalex.org/W572239074","https://openalex.org/W576706980","https://openalex.org/W576765933","https://openalex.org/W578214819","https://openalex.org/W587078134","https://openalex.org/W593632002","https://openalex.org/W631765818","https://openalex.org/W635216294","https://openalex.org/W641135485","https://openalex.org/W644138566","https://openalex.org/W804381349","https://openalex.org/W1481162202","https://openalex.org/W1502900488","https://openalex.org/W1507337927","https://openalex.org/W1511641636","https://openalex.org/W1515330253","https://openalex.org/W1534237837","https://openalex.org/W1544672806","https://openalex.org/W1546528021","https://openalex.org/W1560107044","https://openalex.org/W1978725028","https://openalex.org/W1981323868","https://openalex.org/W2027153452","https://openalex.org/W2029670882","https://openalex.org/W2077735625","https://openalex.org/W2143585971","https://openalex.org/W2273205796","https://openalex.org/W2481775986","https://openalex.org/W2487462944","https://openalex.org/W2504875905","https://openalex.org/W2738140821","https://openalex.org/W2798429654","https://openalex.org/W2916645463","https://openalex.org/W2971293336","https://openalex.org/W3167039586","https://openalex.org/W4240135210"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481027092","https://openalex.org/W6991904024","https://openalex.org/W2497675037","https://openalex.org/W587001169","https://openalex.org/W2767971225","https://openalex.org/W2889956576","https://openalex.org/W2121783674","https://openalex.org/W2968572143","https://openalex.org/W4285336356","https://openalex.org/W251742743"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Informed":[0],"by":[1,71,88,119,146,171,197,399,414],"theory":[2],"and":[3,31,39,45,103,122,189,205,234,244,291,324,364,373,386,402,409,447,450,455],"debate":[4],"associated":[5],"with":[6,183,201,224,252,307,326,387,452],"the":[7,26,32,46,51,55,58,69,72,89,99,108,114,120,134,137,143,192,225,231,235,248,253,263,277,300,305,311,315,319,327,360,384,388,393,415,424,435,442,453],"field":[8],"of":[9,18,57,60,75,91,101,125,136,159,165,180,187,262,279,288,299,322,362,366,417,437,445],"media":[10],"studies,":[11],"this":[12],"thesis":[13,131],"presents":[14],"a":[15,81,181,198,202,206,222,240,330,335],"comparative":[16],"analysis":[17],"two":[19,52,138],"Independent":[20,254],"Local":[21],"Radio":[22,36,105,176,220],"(ILR)":[23],"stations":[24,53,139],"in":[25,37,54,163,212,228,286],"West":[27],"Midlands":[28],"between":[29],"1972":[30],"mid":[33],"1980s:":[34],"BRMB":[35,102,175,372],"Birmingham":[38],"Beacon":[40,104,219,264,316,418,433],"Radio,":[41],"which":[42,64,85,354,440],"served":[43],"Wolverhampton":[44],"Black":[47],"Country.":[48],"It":[49],"locates":[50],"context":[56],"development":[59],"British":[61,73,126],"broadcasting":[62,242],"policy,":[63,359],"had":[65,349,379,396,426],"been":[66],"shaped":[67,170],"from":[68,239],"start":[70],"model":[74],"public":[76,82,127,214,281,448],"service":[77,84,128,215,282],"broadcasting.":[78,129,216],"ILR":[79,161],"was":[80,86,117,169,177,195,210,221,266,329,412,421],"radio":[83,97],"funded":[87],"sale":[90],"advertising":[92],"time.":[93],"Similar":[94],"to":[95,151,268,303,313,338,342,350,353,371,380,383,392,397,407,428],"commercial":[96,115,203,241],"elsewhere,":[98],"survival":[100],"depended":[106,140],"on":[107,142,310],"income":[109],"they":[110],"could":[111,356],"generate,":[112],"but":[113],"imperative":[116],"constrained":[118],"legislative":[121],"regulatory":[123],"framework":[124],"The":[130,155,271],"argues":[132],"that":[133,432],"fortunes":[135],"largely":[141],"approaches":[144],"taken":[145],"their":[147,245],"respective":[148],"management":[149,173],"teams":[150],"these":[152],"conflicting":[153],"influences.":[154],"success":[156],"or":[157,167],"failure":[158],"an":[160,178,184,340,346],"station,":[162,306],"terms":[164,287],"profit":[166,272],"programming,":[168],"its":[172,280,292,400,430],"team.":[174],"example":[179],"station":[182,223,249,336,378],"appropriate":[185],"balance":[186],"experience":[188],"expertise.":[190],"From":[191],"beginning":[193],"it":[194,348,395,420],"headed":[196],"managing":[199,232],"director":[200,233],"background":[204],"programme":[207,236],"controller":[208,237],"who":[209],"experienced":[211],"regulated":[213],"In":[217],"contrast,":[218],"wrong":[226],"people":[227],"charge.":[229],"Both":[230],"were":[238,368],"background,":[243],"approach":[246],"brought":[247],"into":[250],"conflict":[251],"Broadcasting":[255],"Authority,":[256],"ILR\u201fs":[257],"regulator.":[258],"Almost":[259],"every":[260],"aspect":[261],"operation":[265],"designed":[267],"make":[269],"money.":[270],"motive":[273],"took":[274],"precedence":[275],"over":[276],"fulfilment":[278],"obligations.":[283],"Beacon\u201fs":[284],"deficiencies":[285],"local":[289,301],"coverage":[290],"aggressive":[293],"sales":[294],"tactics":[295],"caused":[296],"some":[297,308],"parts":[298],"community":[302],"reject":[304],"calling":[309],"IBA":[312,389,425],"remove":[314],"licence.":[317],"Formulating":[318],"correct":[320],"type":[321],"programmes":[323,439],"working":[325,451],"regulator":[328,454],"necessity.":[331],"To":[332,344],"generate":[333],"revenue":[334],"needed":[337],"sell":[339],"audience":[341,347],"advertisers.":[343],"build":[345],"create":[351],"programming":[352,408],"listeners":[355],"relate.":[357],"Music":[358],"personality":[361],"presenters,":[363],"predictability":[365],"output":[367],"specifically":[369],"relevant":[370],"Beacon.":[374],"Above":[375],"all,":[376],"each":[377],"have":[381],"access":[382],"airwaves,":[385],"as":[390],"gatekeeper":[391],"airwaves":[394],"abide":[398],"rules":[401],"regulations,":[403],"especially":[404],"those":[405],"relating":[406],"content.":[410],"This":[411],"exemplified":[413],"case":[416],"Radio:":[419],"only":[422],"after":[423],"refused":[427],"renew":[429],"licence":[431],"recognised":[434],"importance":[436],"having":[438],"met":[441],"prescribed":[443],"standard":[444],"quality":[446],"service,":[449],"not":[456],"against":[457],"it.":[458]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}