{"id":"https://openalex.org/W64762864","doi":null,"title":"Patient contact is the major determinant in incident leprosy: implications for future control.","display_name":"Patient contact is the major determinant in incident leprosy: implications for future control.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W64762864","mag":"64762864","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10472363"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:10472363","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10472363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017075084","display_name":"Stella M. van Beers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800512269","display_name":"Royal Tropical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01z6bgg93","country_code":"NL","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800512269"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S M van Beers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Research, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800512269"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029380434","display_name":"Mochammad Hatta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8456-4203","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8456-4203"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Hatta","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000544047","display_name":"Paul R. Klatser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2127-9138","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2127-9138"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P R Klatser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Other departments"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Other departments","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7007,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":209,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89584766,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"2","first_page":"119","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12107","display_name":"Leprosy Research and Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12107","display_name":"Leprosy Research and Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10823","display_name":"Research on Leishmaniasis Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11934","display_name":"Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leprosy","display_name":"leprosy","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-transmission","display_name":"secondary transmission","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-contacts","display_name":"household contacts","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-contact","display_name":"social contact","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leprosy-control","display_name":"leprosy control","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/case-finding","display_name":"case finding","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multibacillary-leprosy","display_name":"multibacillary leprosy","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paucibacillary-leprosy","display_name":"paucibacillary leprosy","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-risk","display_name":"transmission risk","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leprosy-elimination","display_name":"leprosy elimination","score":0.7940000295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780695269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36956","display_name":"Leprosy","level":2,"score":0.9486442804336548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7433905601501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4761336147785187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113162765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128437","display_name":"Contact tracing","level":5,"score":0.47038260102272034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020808697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163564","display_name":"Case finding","level":3,"score":0.4179019033908844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.37548816204071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.3718418478965759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.20733508467674255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.16836977005004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.11174881458282471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.10431450605392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.07618537545204163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006285","descriptor_name":"Health Planning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007214","descriptor_name":"Indonesia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007407","descriptor_name":"Interviews as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007918","descriptor_name":"Leprosy","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007918","descriptor_name":"Leprosy","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007918","descriptor_name":"Leprosy","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007918","descriptor_name":"Leprosy","qualifier_ui":"Q000635","qualifier_name":"transmission","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012424","descriptor_name":"Rural Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016358","descriptor_name":"Contact Tracing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019353","descriptor_name":"Endemic Diseases","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:10472363","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10472363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:amcpub:oai:pure.amc.nl:publications/31a5a1ed-3aad-4ec2-a12a-3bb7d6203e8b","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.amc.nl/en/publications/patient-contact-is-the-major-determinant-in-incident-leprosy-implications-for-future-control(31a5a1ed-3aad-4ec2-a12a-3bb7d6203e8b).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases, 67(2), 119 - 128. Allen Press Inc.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.amsterdamumc.nl:openaire_cris_publications/e613908a-0f7b-49a0-805b-4071a33e582e","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.amsterdamumc.nl/en/publications/e613908a-0f7b-49a0-805b-4071a33e582e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055222","display_name":"Pure Amsterdam UMC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"van Beers, S M, Hatta, M & Klatser, P R 1999, 'Patient contact is the major determinant in incident leprosy: implications for future control', International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 119-128.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:64762864","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10472363","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3015699409","https://openalex.org/W2001157019","https://openalex.org/W2394977477","https://openalex.org/W2412665189","https://openalex.org/W2116023704","https://openalex.org/W1971965419","https://openalex.org/W2168370330","https://openalex.org/W2410954779","https://openalex.org/W2512949456","https://openalex.org/W2419571367"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Notwithstanding":[0],"the":[1,8,41,57,92,107,111,129,164,199,202,208,216,225,287,301,306,310,313,321,331,337,390],"elimination":[2,370],"efforts,":[3],"leprosy":[4,12,45,72,146,182,232,267,278,290,304,328,366,393],"control":[5,17,46,367],"programs":[6,47,368],"face":[7],"problem":[9],"of":[10,24,36,53,80,113,150,196,201,207,215,240,250,266,272,277,281,289,295,303,305,323,339,392],"many":[11],"patients":[13,172,241,251,283],"remaining":[14,42,165],"undetected.":[15],"Leprosy":[16],"focuses":[18],"on":[19,51,382,387],"early":[20],"diagnosis":[21],"through":[22,99],"screening":[23],"household":[25,120,157,345,383],"contacts,":[26,158],"although":[27],"this":[28],"high-risk":[29],"group":[30],"generates":[31],"only":[32,381],"a":[33,77,102,134,176,327,360],"small":[34],"proportion":[35],"all":[37],"incident":[38,43,66,71,115,131,335],"cases.":[39,394],"For":[40],"cases,":[44],"have":[48],"to":[49,59,65,119,142,205,253,286,312,344],"rely":[50],"self-reporting":[52],"patients.":[54,192,262,274],"We":[55,68,105],"explored":[56],"extent":[58],"which":[60],"other":[61],"contact":[62,108,143,179,260,340],"groups":[63],"contribute":[64],"leprosy.":[67,324],"examined":[69],"retrospectively":[70],"over":[73,133],"25":[74],"years":[75,223],"in":[76,83,110,238,246,334],"high-endemic":[78],"village":[79],"2283":[81],"inhabitants":[82],"Sulawesi,":[84],"Indonesia,":[85],"by":[86,372],"systematically":[87],"reviewing":[88],"data":[89,98],"obtained":[90],"from":[91,190,198],"local":[93],"program":[94],"and":[95,101,125,163,184,242,309,351,362,369,376],"actively":[96],"gathering":[97],"interviews":[100],"house-to-house":[103],"survey.":[104],"investigated":[106],"status":[109],"past":[112],"every":[114],"case.":[116,227],"In":[117],"addition":[118],"contact,":[121],"we":[122],"distinguished":[123],"neighbor":[124,350],"social":[126,169,352],"contacts.":[127,170],"Of":[128],"101":[130,152],"cases":[132,153,218],"25-year":[135],"period,":[136],"79":[137],"(78%)":[138],"could":[139,187],"be":[140,188,357],"associated":[141,269],"with":[144,180,261,270,326],"another":[145,181],"patient.":[147],"Twenty-eight":[148],"(28%)":[149],"these":[151],"were":[154,219],"identified":[155],"as":[156,161,168],"36":[159],"(36%)":[160],"neighbors,":[162],"15":[166],"(15%)":[167],"Three":[171],"had":[173,175,256,257],"not":[174,342,380],"traceable":[177],"previous":[178],"patient,":[183],"no":[185,258],"information":[186],"gathered":[189],"19":[191],"The":[193,228,263,275],"median":[194],"span":[195],"time":[197],"registration":[200],"primary":[203,226,307,314],"case":[204,210,308,315,374],"that":[206,255,299],"secondary":[209,217],"was":[211,233,268,284],"3":[212],"years;":[213],"95%":[214],"detected":[220],"within":[221],"6":[222],"after":[224],"estimated":[229],"risk":[230,265,276,288,322],"for":[231,279,291,320,365],"about":[234],"nine":[235],"times":[236,244],"higher":[237,245],"households":[239,254,271,280],"four":[243],"direct":[247,292],"neighboring":[248,293],"houses":[249,294],"compared":[252],"such":[259],"highest":[264],"multibacillary":[273,296],"paucibacillary":[282],"similar":[285],"patients,":[297],"indicating":[298],"both":[300],"type":[302,338],"distance":[311],"are":[316],"important":[317],"contributing":[318],"factors":[319],"Contact":[325],"patient":[329],"is":[330,341],"major":[332],"determinant":[333],"leprosy;":[336],"limited":[343],"relationships":[346],"but":[347,385],"also":[348,386],"includes":[349],"relationships.":[353],"This":[354],"finding":[355],"can":[356],"translated":[358],"into":[359],"valuable":[361],"sustainable":[363],"tool":[364],"campaigns":[371],"focusing":[373],"detection":[375],"health":[377],"promotion":[378],"activities":[379],"contacts":[384],"at":[388],"least":[389],"neighbors":[391]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}