{"id":"https://openalex.org/W644710593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14359/11033","title":"Confined Concrete Columns Subjected to Axial Load, Cyclic Shear, and Cyclic Flexure\u2014Part I: Analytical Models","display_name":"Confined Concrete Columns Subjected to Axial Load, Cyclic Shear, and Cyclic Flexure\u2014Part I: Analytical Models","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W644710593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14359/11033","mag":"644710593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14359/11033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14359/11033","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14359/11033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54133186","display_name":"ACI Structural Journal","issn_l":"0889-3241","issn":["0889-3241","1944-7361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316628","host_organization_name":"American Concrete Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316628"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Concrete Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACI Structural Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112200700","display_name":"Thomas G. Harmon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas G. Harmon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062555688","display_name":"Nathan C. Gould","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan C. Gould","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Seetharaman Ramakrishnan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seetharaman Ramakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089445144","display_name":"Edward H. Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward H. Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8692,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86283617,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"99","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10479","display_name":"Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete","score":0.9297000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10479","display_name":"Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete","score":0.9297000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10713","display_name":"Structural Load-Bearing Analysis","score":0.03180000185966492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10160","display_name":"Seismic Performance and Analysis","score":0.025800000876188278,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confined-concrete-columns","display_name":"confined concrete columns","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axial-load","display_name":"axial loading","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclic-shear","display_name":"cyclic shear","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismic-behavior","display_name":"seismic behavior","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-model","display_name":"analytical model","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shear-strengthening","display_name":"shear strengthening","score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexural-strengthening","display_name":"flexural strengthening","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bond-slip-model","display_name":"bond-slip model","score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexure-shear-interaction","display_name":"flexure-shear interaction","score":0.7149999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.6662686467170715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6471231579780579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96035792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43606218","display_name":"Shear (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5594627857208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.4676266312599182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988805333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184190","display_name":"Reinforced concrete","level":2,"score":0.4337224066257477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.42280298471450806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.22923481464385986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22431454062461853}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14359/11033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14359/11033","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14359/11033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54133186","display_name":"ACI Structural Journal","issn_l":"0889-3241","issn":["0889-3241","1944-7361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316628","host_organization_name":"American Concrete Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316628"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Concrete Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACI Structural Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W851906488","https://openalex.org/W7161587299","https://openalex.org/W201446746","https://openalex.org/W2804833323","https://openalex.org/W4252707754","https://openalex.org/W2804021586","https://openalex.org/W2479156466","https://openalex.org/W4226403923","https://openalex.org/W2291535862","https://openalex.org/W1931353833"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"First":[0],"Name":[1,7],"is":[2,8,14,430],"required":[3,9,15,431],"invalid":[4,10],"characters":[5,11],"Last":[6],"Email":[12,17],"Address":[13,18],"Invalid":[16],"Please":[19],"select":[20],"a":[21],"country...":[22],"Afghanistan":[23],"\u00c5land":[24],"Islands":[25,88,99,109,135,137,169,238,274,338,392,407,415,418,423],"Albania":[26],"Algeria":[27],"American":[28],"Samoa":[29,316],"Andorra":[30],"Angola":[31],"Anguilla":[32],"Antarctica":[33],"Antigua":[34],"And":[35,304,321,351,384,390,421],"Barbuda":[36],"Argentina":[37],"Armenia":[38],"Aruba":[39],"Australia":[40],"Austria":[41],"Azerbaijan":[42],"Bahamas":[43],"Bahrain":[44],"Bangladesh":[45],"Barbados":[46],"Belarus":[47],"Belgium":[48],"Belize":[49],"Benin":[50],"Bermuda":[51],"Bhutan":[52],"Bolivia":[53],"Bonaire,":[54],"Sint":[55,331],"Eustatius":[56],"and":[57,60,167,314,356,363],"Saba":[58],"Bosnia":[59],"Herzegovina":[61],"Botswana":[62],"Bouvet":[63],"Island":[64,96,166,271],"Brazil":[65],"British":[66,69,73],"Antarctic":[67],"Territory":[68,72,75],"Indian":[70],"Ocean":[71],"Overseas":[74],"Brunei":[76],"Darussalam":[77],"Bulgaria":[78],"Burkina":[79],"Faso":[80],"Burundi":[81],"Cabo":[82],"Verde":[83],"Cambodia":[84],"Cameroon":[85],"Canada":[86],"Cayman":[87],"Central":[89],"African":[90],"Republic":[91,105,119,124,183,201,206,209,216,229,249,371,376],"Chad":[92],"Chile":[93],"China":[94],"Christmas":[95],"Cocos":[97],"(Keeling)":[98],"Colombia":[100],"Comoros":[101],"Congo":[102],"Congo,":[103],"Democratic":[104,204,215],"of":[106,184,188,207,210,230,247,250,281,377],"the":[107],"Cook":[108],"Costa":[110],"Rica":[111],"C\u00f4te":[112],"d'Ivoire":[113],"Croatia":[114],"Cuba":[115],"Cura\u00e7ao":[116],"Cyprus":[117],"Czech":[118],"Denmark":[120],"Djibouti":[121],"Dominica":[122],"Dominican":[123],"Ecuador":[125],"Egypt":[126],"El":[127],"Salvador":[128],"Equatorial":[129],"Guinea":[130,161,285],"Eritrea":[131],"Estonia":[132],"Ethiopia":[133],"Falkland":[134],"Faroe":[136],"Fiji":[138],"Finland":[139],"France":[140],"French":[141,143,145],"Guiana":[142],"Polynesia":[144],"Southern":[146],"Territories":[147],"Gabon":[148],"Gambia":[149],"Georgia":[150,343],"Germany":[151],"Ghana":[152],"Gibraltar":[153],"Greece":[154],"Greenland":[155],"Grenada":[156],"Guadeloupe":[157],"Guam":[158],"Guatemala":[159],"Guernsey":[160],"Guinea-Bissau":[162],"Guyana":[163],"Haiti":[164],"Heard":[165],"McDonald":[168],"Holy":[170],"See":[171],"(Vatican":[172],"City)":[173],"Honduras":[174],"Hong":[175],"Kong":[176],"Hungary":[177],"Iceland":[178],"India":[179],"Indonesia":[180],"Iran,":[181],"Islamic":[182],"Iraq":[185],"Ireland":[186],"Isle":[187],"Man":[189],"Israel":[190],"Italy":[191],"Jamaica":[192],"Japan":[193],"Jersey":[194],"Jordan":[195],"Kazakhstan":[196],"Kenya":[197],"Kiribati":[198],"Korea":[199],"(the":[200],"of)":[202],"Korea,":[203],"People's":[205,214],"Kosovo,":[208],"Kuwait":[211],"Kyrgyzstan":[212],"Lao":[213],"Latvia":[217],"Lebanon":[218],"Lesotho":[219],"Liberia":[220],"Libya":[221],"Liechtenstein":[222],"Lithuania":[223],"Luxembourg":[224],"Macau":[225],"Macedonia,":[226],"Former":[227],"Yugoslav":[228],"Madagascar":[231],"Malawi":[232],"Malaysia":[233],"Maldives":[234],"Mali":[235],"Malta":[236],"Marshall":[237],"Martinique":[239],"Mauritania":[240],"Mauritius":[241],"Mayotte":[242],"Mexico":[243],"Micronesia,":[244],"Federated":[245],"States":[246,402,404],"Moldova,":[248],"Monaco":[251],"Mongolia":[252],"Montenegro":[253],"Montserrat":[254],"Morocco":[255],"Mozambique":[256],"Myanmar":[257],"Namibia":[258],"Nauru":[259],"Nepal":[260],"Netherlands":[261],"New":[262,264,284],"Caledonia":[263],"Zealand":[265],"Nicaragua":[266],"Niger":[267],"Nigeria":[268],"Niue":[269],"Norfolk":[270],"Northern":[272],"Mariana":[273],"Norway":[275],"Oman":[276],"Pakistan":[277],"Palau":[278],"Palestine,":[279],"State":[280],"Panama":[282],"Papua":[283],"Paraguay":[286],"Peru":[287],"Philippines":[288],"Pitcairn":[289],"Poland":[290],"Portugal":[291],"Puerto":[292],"Rico":[293],"Qatar":[294],"R\u00e9union":[295],"Romania":[296],"Russian":[297],"Federation":[298],"Rwanda":[299],"Saint":[300,302,306,308,312],"Barth\u00e9lemy":[301],"Kitts":[303],"Nevis":[305],"Lucia":[307],"Martin":[309],"(French":[310],"part)":[311,334],"Pierre":[313],"Miquelon":[315],"San":[317],"Marino":[318],"Sao":[319],"Tome":[320],"Principe":[322],"Saudi":[323],"Arabia":[324],"Senegal":[325],"Serbia":[326],"Seychelles":[327],"Sierra":[328],"Leone":[329],"Singapore":[330],"Maarten":[332],"(Dutch":[333],"Slovakia":[335],"Slovenia":[336],"Solomon":[337],"Somalia":[339],"South":[340,342,344],"Africa":[341],"Sudan":[345,360],"Spain":[346],"Sri":[347],"Lanka":[348],"St":[349],"Vincent":[350],"Grenadines":[352],"St.":[353],"Helena":[354],"Ascensian":[355],"Tristan":[357],"da":[358],"Aunh":[359],"Suriname":[361],"Svalbard":[362],"Jan":[364],"Mayen":[365],"Swaziland":[366],"Sweden":[367],"Switzerland":[368],"Syrian":[369],"Arab":[370,397],"Taiwan":[372],"Tajikistan":[373],"Tanzania,":[374],"United":[375,396,399,401,403],"Thailand":[378],"Timor-Leste":[379],"Togo":[380],"Tokelau":[381],"Tonga":[382],"Trinidad":[383],"Tobago":[385],"Tunisia":[386],"Turkey":[387],"Turkmenistan":[388],"Turks":[389],"Caicos":[391],"Tuvalu":[393],"Uganda":[394],"Ukraine":[395],"Emirates":[398],"Kingdom":[400],"Minor":[405],"Outlying":[406],"Uruguay":[408],"Uzbekistan":[409],"Vanuatu":[410],"Venezuela":[411],"Viet":[412],"Nam":[413],"Virgin":[414,417],"(British)":[416],"(U.S.)":[419],"Wallis":[420],"Futuna":[422],"Western":[424],"Sahara":[425],"Yemen":[426],"Zambia":[427],"Zimbabwe":[428],"Country/Territory":[429]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}