{"id":"https://openalex.org/W643063832","doi":null,"title":"DETECTABLE WARNINGS: DETECTABILITY BY INDIVIDUALS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS, AND SAFETY AND NEGOTIABILITY ON SLOPES FOR PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL IMPAIRMENTS","display_name":"DETECTABLE WARNINGS: DETECTABILITY BY INDIVIDUALS WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS, AND SAFETY AND NEGOTIABILITY ON SLOPES FOR PERSONS WITH PHYSICAL IMPAIRMENTS","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W643063832","mag":"643063832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:643063832","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/10526","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037524984","display_name":"Billie Louise Bentzen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-3384","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-3384"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Billie Louise Bentzen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2445-3384","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037928587","display_name":"T L Nolin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T L Nolin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088883008","display_name":"Randolph D. Easton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randolph D. Easton","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034908509","display_name":"Louis Desmarais","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L Desmarais","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103435880","display_name":"Paul A. Mitchell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul A. Mitchell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9452,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95594038,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9384999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9384999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12207","display_name":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","score":0.04280000180006027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11003","display_name":"Disability Rights and Representation","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tactile-paving","display_name":"tactile paving","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-impairment","display_name":"visual impairment","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blindness","display_name":"blindness","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-disability","display_name":"physical disability","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheelchair-users","display_name":"wheelchair users","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ramps","display_name":"ramps","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"surface roughness","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience-engineering","display_name":"resilience engineering","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety","display_name":"safety","score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negotiability","display_name":"negotiability","score":0.4519999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.5384817719459534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994071780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2019180","display_name":"Warning signs","level":2,"score":0.5220858454704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.4950677454471588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.47215911746025085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2727157473564148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2365492880344391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.13210636377334595}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:643063832","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/10526","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.504800021648407,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7055735714","https://openalex.org/W825160910","https://openalex.org/W7055886680","https://openalex.org/W2191107525","https://openalex.org/W2148755583","https://openalex.org/W571581228","https://openalex.org/W318325149","https://openalex.org/W228612280","https://openalex.org/W2055232929","https://openalex.org/W6939790727"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"report":[1,19],"presents":[2,20],"the":[3,18,24,39,70,110,128,150],"results":[4],"of":[5,17,23,27,79,104,132,152],"research":[6],"on":[7,10,137],"human":[8],"performance":[9],"detectable":[11,29,43,135,153],"warning":[12,30,44,164],"surfaces.":[13],"The":[14],"first":[15,40],"portion":[16],"an":[21],"evaluation":[22],"underfoot":[25,49],"detectability":[26,50],"nine":[28],"surfaces":[31,45,63],"for":[32,48,119,140,165],"persons":[33,53,141,166],"having":[34,75,89,93,101],"varied":[35],"physical":[36,80,143],"disablities.":[37],"In":[38,69],"study,":[41,72],"thirteen":[42],"were":[46,108,112],"evaluated":[47],"by":[51,115],"twenty-four":[52],"who":[54,82],"are":[55],"blind,":[56],"in":[57,65],"association":[58],"with":[59,85,142,167],"four":[60],"transit":[61],"platform":[62],"varying":[64],"roughness":[66],"and":[67,97,125],"resiliency.":[68],"second":[71],"forty":[73],"participants":[74],"a":[76,102],"wide":[77],"range":[78],"disabilities,":[81,144],"traveled":[83,95],"either":[84],"no":[86,156],"aid,":[87],"aids":[88,92],"wheels,":[90],"or":[91],"tips,":[94],"up":[96],"down":[98],"4-foot-by-6-foot":[99],"ramps":[100],"slope":[103],"1:12.":[105],"All":[106],"trials":[107],"videotaped;":[109],"videotapes":[111],"then":[113],"rated,":[114],"three":[116],"independent":[117],"raters,":[118],"observable":[120],"incidents":[121],"indicating":[122],"decreased":[123],"safety":[124],"negotiability.":[126],"Given":[127],"moderately":[129],"increased":[130],"level":[131],"difficulty":[133],"which":[134],"warnings":[136,154],"slopes":[138],"pose":[139],"it":[145],"is":[146],"desirable":[147],"to":[148,155,161],"limit":[149],"width":[151],"more":[157],"than":[158],"that":[159],"required":[160],"provide":[162],"effective":[163],"visual":[168],"impairments.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
