{"id":"https://openalex.org/W642111058","doi":null,"title":"Confronting drug policy : illicit drugs in a free society","display_name":"Confronting drug policy : illicit drugs in a free society","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W642111058","mag":"642111058"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-005936868","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=005936868&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109884595","display_name":"Ronald Bayer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Bayer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032536599","display_name":"Gerald M. Oppenheimer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerald M. Oppenheimer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091108808","display_name":"Milbank Memorial Fund","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milbank Memorial Fund","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3923,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91629264,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.9394999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.9394999742507935,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10043","display_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes","score":0.03669999912381172,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-policy","display_name":"drug policy","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decriminalization","display_name":"decriminalization","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-legalization","display_name":"drug legalization","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-prohibition","display_name":"drug prohibition","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-regulation","display_name":"drug regulation","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-policy-debate","display_name":"drug policy debate","score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-policy","display_name":"alcohol policy","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-justice","display_name":"criminal justice","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-patient-relationship","display_name":"physician-patient relationship","score":0.7179999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778506969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940525","display_name":"Legalization","level":2,"score":0.6740932464599609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.533524215221405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.5160548090934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.5143995881080627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.49070894718170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.49042007327079773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.46724772453308105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992844032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27243428","display_name":"Drug control","level":2,"score":0.457732230424881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4531070590019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19159745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828395","display_name":"Social policy","level":2,"score":0.444894939661026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4216897487640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93830501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134368","display_name":"Medicalization","level":2,"score":0.414950966835022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3211800754070282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.2664780616760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.26202261447906494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-005936868","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=005936868&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:642111058","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA22014749","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7297000288963318,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W619519143","https://openalex.org/W4245639413","https://openalex.org/W1784719031","https://openalex.org/W7037137748","https://openalex.org/W4415725886","https://openalex.org/W1806764395","https://openalex.org/W629133500","https://openalex.org/W4396971962","https://openalex.org/W7004567","https://openalex.org/W7037198002"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Foreword":[0],"Samuel":[1],"L.":[2],"Milbank":[3],"and":[4,43,49,60,81,109,142,154],"Daniel":[5],"M.":[6,102],"Fox":[7],"1.":[8],"Introduction:":[9],"the":[10,38,50,89,106,110,155],"great":[11],"drug":[12,29,62,76,99,130,140],"policy":[13,74,77,100,141],"debate":[14],"-":[15],"what":[16],"means":[17],"this":[18],"thing":[19],"called":[20],"decriminalisation?":[21],"Ronald":[22],"Bayer":[23],"2.":[24],"The":[25],"social":[26],"demography":[27],"of":[28,91,97,112,150],"use":[30,63,90,153],"Denise":[31],"B.":[32],"Kandel":[33],"3.":[34],"Drug":[35,47],"policy:":[36],"striking":[37],"right":[39],"balance":[40],"Avram":[41],"Goldstein":[42],"Harold":[44],"Kalant":[45],"4.":[46],"legalization":[48],"minority":[51],"poor":[52],"William":[53],"Kornblum":[54],"5.":[55],"Social":[56],"behaviour,":[57],"public":[58,126],"policy,":[59],"non-harmful":[61],"Charles":[64],"Winick":[65],"6.":[66],"From":[67],"prohibition":[68],"to":[69,129],"regulation:":[70],"lessons":[71,164],"from":[72,165],"alcohol":[73],"for":[75,120,124],"Harry":[78],"G.":[79],"Levine":[80,160],"Craig":[82],"Reinarman":[83],"7.":[84],"To":[85],"build":[86],"a":[87,125],"bridge:":[88],"foreign":[92],"models":[93],"by":[94],"domestic":[95],"critics":[96],"U.S.":[98],"Gerald":[101],"Oppenheimer":[103],"8.":[104],"Drugs,":[105],"criminal":[107],"law,":[108],"administration":[111],"justice":[113],"Mark":[114],"H.":[115],"Moore":[116],"9.":[117],"Compulsory":[118],"treatment":[119],"drug-dependant":[121],"persons:":[122],"justifications":[123],"health":[127],"approach":[128],"dependency":[131],"Lawrence":[132],"O.":[133],"Gostin":[134],"10.":[135],"Helping":[136],"women":[137],"helping":[138],"children:":[139],"future":[143],"generations":[144],"Patricia":[145],"A.":[146],"King":[147],"11.":[148],"Medicalization":[149],"psychoactive":[151],"substance":[152],"doctor-patient":[156],"relationship":[157],"Robert":[158],"J.":[159],"12.":[161],"Legalizing":[162],"drugs:":[163],"(and":[166],"about)":[167],"economics":[168],"Kenneth":[169],"E.":[170],"Warner":[171],"Notes":[172],"on":[173],"contributors":[174],"Index.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
