{"id":"https://openalex.org/W640173957","doi":null,"title":"CURRENT TRENDS IN TOLL FINANCING","display_name":"CURRENT TRENDS IN TOLL FINANCING","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W640173957","mag":"640173957"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:640173957","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trid.trb.org/view/195036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112656964","display_name":"Wilbur S. Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wilbur S. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022108631","display_name":"N H Wuestefeld","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N H Wuestefeld","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1914,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88202397,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"900","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11939","display_name":"Public-Private Partnership Projects","score":0.7670999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11939","display_name":"Public-Private Partnership Projects","score":0.7670999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13439","display_name":"Transport and Economic Policies","score":0.08389999717473984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12725","display_name":"Railways and European Transport Policy","score":0.04320000112056732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toll-financing","display_name":"toll financing","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-fees","display_name":"user fees","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toll-roads","display_name":"toll roads","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toll-bridges","display_name":"toll bridges","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue-bonds","display_name":"revenue bonds","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federal-highway-funding","display_name":"federal highway funding","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-private-cooperation","display_name":"public-private cooperation","score":0.5220000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778025104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408004","display_name":"Toll","level":2,"score":0.9796443581581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.800806999206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778636371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16939396","display_name":"Toll road","level":3,"score":0.7745513916015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.6586490869522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6214262247085571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.4189232587814331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2306656539440155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:640173957","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trid.trb.org/view/195036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S145575934","display_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","issn_l":"0361-1981","issn":["0361-1981","2169-4052"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6773999929428101,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W611511990","https://openalex.org/W656606170","https://openalex.org/W4416372779","https://openalex.org/W1979538776","https://openalex.org/W571820312","https://openalex.org/W258590188","https://openalex.org/W621907363","https://openalex.org/W1107951370","https://openalex.org/W1996242841","https://openalex.org/W1597501657"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"User":[0],"fees":[1,134],"for":[2,14,22,72,129,190],"the":[3,27,56,59,62,69,90,94,114,138,142,197,202,212,221,236,241,253,283,291,303,311,326,337,368],"consumption":[4],"of":[5,61,141,145,165,201,214,225,260,268,290,302,310,320,329,370],"services":[6,160],"provided":[7],"by":[8,231,282],"transportation":[9],"facilities":[10,153,227,295,332],"have":[11,86],"been":[12,209,258],"accepted":[13,104],"centuries":[15],"and":[16,36,44,81,110,148,158,161,223,280,313,349,359],"are":[17,51,112,126,228],"receiving":[18],"wider":[19],"support":[20],"today":[21],"future":[23,369],"application.":[24],"Currently":[25],"in":[26,53,89,220,276,297,367],"United":[28,91],"States,":[29],"28":[30],"states":[31],"operate":[32],"36":[33],"toll":[34,38,47,76,84,99,119,124,152,175,226,232,245,271,294,304,331],"roads":[35,77,176],"43":[37],"bridges.":[39],"In":[40,234],"addition,":[41],"29":[42],"county":[43],"27":[45],"municipal":[46],"facilities,":[48],"primarily":[49],"bridges,":[50],"now":[52],"operation":[54,224],"across":[55],"country.":[57],"Despite":[58],"effects":[60],"1956":[63],"Federal-Aid":[64],"Highway":[65],"Act,":[66],"which":[67,340],"discouraged":[68],"user-fee":[70],"concept":[71,100,305],"highways,":[73],"20":[74],"new":[75,83,244,330],"totaling":[78],"770":[79],"miles":[80],"13":[82],"bridges":[85],"become":[87,103,196],"operational":[88],"States":[92],"during":[93],"last":[95,242],"15":[96],"years.":[97],"The":[98,273],"has":[101,195,208,257],"also":[102],"internationally;":[105],"France,":[106],"Spain,":[107],"Italy,":[108],"Japan,":[109],"Britain":[111],"among":[113],"many":[115],"nations":[116],"operating":[117],"successful":[118],"facilities.":[120],"Toll":[121],"projects,":[122],"especially":[123],"roads,":[125],"gaining":[127],"approval":[128],"several":[130],"reasons.":[131],"First,":[132],"user":[133],"can":[135,177,185,343],"partly":[136,324],"relieve":[137],"state":[139,314],"governments":[140,315],"financial":[143],"burden":[144],"providing":[146],"adequate":[147],"efficient":[149],"highways.":[150],"Second,":[151],"often":[154],"provide":[155],"better":[156],"emergency":[157],"patrol":[159],"a":[162,364],"greater":[163,357],"degree":[164],"safety":[166],"than":[167,270],"their":[168],"nontoll":[169],"counterparts.":[170],"Last,":[171],"through":[172],"rate":[173],"differentials,":[174],"encourage":[178],"carpooling,":[179],"thereby":[180],"maximizing":[181],"energy":[182],"efficiency,":[183],"or":[184,263],"offer":[186],"special":[187],"commuter":[188],"rates":[189],"frequent":[191],"users.":[192],"Creative":[193],"financing":[194,207,254],"key":[198],"to":[199,247,317,323,339,346],"expansion":[200,301],"present":[203],"toll-facilities":[204],"system.":[205],"Traditionally,":[206],"accomplished":[210],"with":[211,250],"use":[213,319],"revenue":[215,251],"bonds":[216],"when":[217],"costs":[218],"incurred":[219],"construction":[222,327],"covered":[229],"completely":[230],"revenues.":[233],"1965,":[235],"Dallas":[237],"North":[238],"Tollway":[239],"was":[240],"major":[243,293],"road":[246],"be":[248,344],"financed":[249,279],"bonds;":[252],"since":[255],"then":[256],"extensions":[259],"existing":[261],"systems":[262],"included":[264],"subsidies":[265],"and/or":[266],"pledges":[267],"other":[269],"income.":[272],"Ambassador":[274],"Bridge":[275,286],"Detroit,":[277],"privately":[278],"operated":[281],"Detroit":[284],"International":[285],"Company,":[287],"is":[288,353],"one":[289],"few":[292],"still":[296],"private":[298],"ownership.":[299],"Future":[300],"depends":[306],"heavily":[307],"on":[308,336],"actions":[309],"federal":[312,321,341],"as":[316,333,335],"possible":[318],"funds":[322],"defray":[325],"cost":[328],"well":[334],"extent":[338],"contributions":[342],"made":[345],"annual":[347],"maintenance":[348],"rehabilitation":[350],"costs.":[351],"It":[352],"expected,":[354],"too,":[355],"that":[356],"public":[358],"private-sector":[360],"cooperation":[361],"will":[362],"play":[363],"vital":[365],"role":[366],"toll-facility":[371],"financing.":[372],"(Author)":[373]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}