{"id":"https://openalex.org/W63851329","doi":null,"title":"Large-Scale Utilization of Saline Groundwater for Irrigation of Pistachios Interplanted with Cotton","display_name":"Large-Scale Utilization of Saline Groundwater for Irrigation of Pistachios Interplanted with Cotton","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W63851329","mag":"63851329"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:qt5r93n003","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5r93n003","pdf_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5r93n003","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sanden, Blake; Ferguson, Louise; Kallsen, Craig E.; Marsh, Brian; Hutmacher, Robert B.; & Corwin, Dennis. (2009). Large-Scale Utilization of Saline Groundwater for Irrigation of Pistachios Interplanted with Cotton. University of California Water Resources Center. UC Berkeley: University of California Water Resources Center. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5r93n003","raw_type":"article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5r93n003","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112495888","display_name":"Blake L. Sanden","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Blake L. Sanden","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030730938","display_name":"Louise Ferguson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9520-078X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9520-078X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louise Ferguson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068202940","display_name":"Craig E. Kallsen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig E. Kallsen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002225867","display_name":"Brian Marsh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Marsh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112415632","display_name":"Robert B. Hutmacher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert B. Hutmacher","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035987753","display_name":"Dennis  Lee Corwin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3096-9325","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3096-9325"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis L. Corwin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3096-9325","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12710","display_name":"Engineering and Agricultural Innovations","score":0.01590000092983246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11781","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saline-groundwater-irrigation","display_name":"saline groundwater irrigation","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pistachio","display_name":"pistachio","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gossypium-barbadense","display_name":"Gossypium barbadense","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intercropping","display_name":"intercropping","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drip-irrigation","display_name":"drip irrigation","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salt-accumulation","display_name":"salt accumulation","score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boron-toxicity","display_name":"boron toxicity","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloride-accumulation","display_name":"chloride accumulation","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cotton-lint-yield","display_name":"cotton lint yield","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation-water-quality","display_name":"irrigation water quality","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-salt-tolerance","display_name":"crop salt tolerance","score":0.3700000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.7397008538246155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113578266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131303","display_name":"Loam","level":3,"score":0.600362241268158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.5440534353256226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4901138246059418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16704694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496805","display_name":"Saline water","level":3,"score":0.4659465551376343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144938864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Randomized block design","level":2,"score":0.45407211780548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141904268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474","display_name":"Aqueduct","level":2,"score":0.42445603013038635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.42189744114875793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129513315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179615","display_name":"Salinity","level":2,"score":0.39629656076431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.37895724177360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.3618345856666565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.1983128786087036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1605415642261505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12056586146354675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159390177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265","display_name":"Soil science","level":1,"score":0.12005072832107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0954083502292633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0860128402709961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:qt5r93n003","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5r93n003","pdf_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5r93n003","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sanden, Blake; Ferguson, Louise; Kallsen, Craig E.; Marsh, Brian; Hutmacher, Robert B.; & Corwin, Dennis. (2009). Large-Scale Utilization of Saline Groundwater for Irrigation of Pistachios Interplanted with Cotton. University of California Water Resources Center. UC Berkeley: University of California Water Resources Center. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5r93n003","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt5r93n003","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5r93n003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:63851329","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/content/qt5r93n003/qt5r93n003.pdf?t=lnozt6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306533894","display_name":"University of California Water Resources Center","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"University of California Water Resources Center","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:qt5r93n003","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5r93n003","pdf_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5r93n003","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sanden, Blake; Ferguson, Louise; Kallsen, Craig E.; Marsh, Brian; Hutmacher, Robert B.; & Corwin, Dennis. (2009). Large-Scale Utilization of Saline Groundwater for Irrigation of Pistachios Interplanted with Cotton. University of California Water Resources Center. UC Berkeley: University of California Water Resources Center. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/5r93n003","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9208999872207642,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"score":0.7778000235557556,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332550","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W63851329.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W63851329.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593932076","https://openalex.org/W1635029595","https://openalex.org/W2024917465","https://openalex.org/W2135547122","https://openalex.org/W2178126235","https://openalex.org/W2276372050","https://openalex.org/W2590398549"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2254413625","https://openalex.org/W2852901420","https://openalex.org/W2007611528","https://openalex.org/W2320639859","https://openalex.org/W4237614804","https://openalex.org/W6991729419","https://openalex.org/W3082996860","https://openalex.org/W3010107739","https://openalex.org/W2626969905","https://openalex.org/W2001599903"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Twelve,":[0],"19.5":[1],"acre":[2,17,636,660],"test":[3,165,612],"plots":[4],"arranged":[5],"in":[6,97,145,208,220,233,243,270,287,295,330,376,459,472,517,562,565,572,613,627,647],"a":[7,21,61,75,267,400,569,630,638,691],"randomized":[8],"complete":[9],"block":[10],"design":[11],"are":[12],"set":[13,111],"within":[14],"two":[15,481,520,685],"155":[16],"fields":[18,166],"to":[19,55,60,100,113,171,176,225,263,272,291,298,361,469,507,538,559,596,656,682],"provide":[20],"realistic":[22],"production":[23,93,675],"environment.":[24],"These":[25],"blocks":[26],"of":[27,117,120,128,136,155,159,238,255,335,407,416,426,433,440,445,457,476,498,541,586,604,610,618,623,632,643,651,668,673,694],"welldrained":[28],"Panoche":[29],"clay":[30],"loam":[31],"were":[32,95,182,217,240,283,314],"formerly":[33],"irrigated":[34],"with":[35,133,150,174,258,266,568,592],"California":[36],"Aqueduct":[37,363,503,593,662,697],"water":[38,190,526,546,575,698,705],"and":[39,199,205,213,231,246,276,311,347,380,435,454,463,486,504,527,620,676,683,701],"sprinklers":[40],"for":[41,163,305,323,388,391,429,501,510,549,661,678,696,703,708],"the":[42,47,84,115,125,129,134,160,164,221,226,234,244,250,253,256,331,336,351,362,366,392,405,420,438,460,473,477,480,502,511,518,532,560,573,578,584,587,602,605,608,611,628,648,652,679],"last":[43,579],"30":[44],"years.":[45],"Overall":[46],"field":[48],"electrical":[49],"conductivity":[50],"(EC)":[51],"ranged":[52],"from":[53,88,169,350,531],"0.5":[54],"4.5,":[56],"averaging":[57],"1.57":[58],"dS/m":[59,173,188,196,500,509],"3-foot":[62],"depth.":[63],"Saturation":[64,228],"extract":[65,229],"boron":[66,206],"was":[67,110,355,370,384,645],"0.6":[68],"ppm.":[69],"The":[70],"area":[71],"is":[72,522,600],"underlain":[73],"by":[74,86,316,343,357,386,484],"semi-saline":[76],"aquifer":[77],"that":[78,303],"has":[79,167,490],"been":[80],"made":[81,304],"worse":[82],"over":[83,249,577],"decades":[85],"contamination":[87],"oilfield":[89],"leachate":[90],"water.":[91,104,364],"Several":[92],"wells":[94],"drilled":[96],"fall":[98],"2003":[99],"begin":[101],"using":[102],"this":[103,448,552,709],"A":[105],"drip":[106,534,624],"tape":[107,625],"irrigation":[108,447,548,626],"system":[109,553],"up":[112,530],"allow":[114],"planting":[116,135,688],"6":[118,508,537],"rows":[119,148,154],"cotton":[121,211,280,324,341,446,563,619,674],"every":[122],"22":[123,146],"feet":[124,237,265,471,521],"first":[126,393,684],"year":[127,138,617,680],"project":[130],"(2004)":[131],"followed":[132],"1":[137],"old":[139],"pistachio":[140,214,377],"seedling":[141],"rootstocks":[142,390,398],"March":[143],"2005":[144,296],"foot":[147,640],"interplanted":[149],"4,":[151],"38":[152],"inch":[153],"pima":[156,666],"cotton.":[157],"Salinity":[158],"shallow":[161],"groundwater":[162],"varied":[168],"4":[170,285,333],"7.5":[172],"8":[175],"11":[177],"ppm":[178],"B.":[179],"Three":[180],"treatments":[181,248,431],"imposed:":[183],"AQUEDUCT/CONTROL:":[184],"EC":[185,193,201,230,576],"~":[186,194,202],"0.4":[187],"(Aqueduct":[189],"only),":[191],"BLEND:":[192],"2.5":[195,499],"(50/50":[197],"mix)":[198],"WELL:":[200],"5":[203,273,470,506],"dS/m.Chloride":[204],"contents":[207],"late":[209],"season":[210],"petioles":[212],"leaf":[215,409],"tissues":[216],"significantly":[218,241,262],"higher":[219,524],"WELL":[222,247],"treatment":[223,338,354,368,589,654],"compared":[224,360,655],"Control.":[227],"B":[232],"top":[235,332,519],"three":[236,394,443],"rootzone":[239,650],"increased":[242],"BLEND":[245],"Control":[251],"at":[252,373,404,494,607],"end":[254,406,439],"season,":[257],"most":[259],"salts":[260,328,528],"increasing":[261],"3":[264],"significant":[268,401],"increase":[269,571],"Cl":[271],"feet.Cotton":[274],"yield":[275,349,369,564],"tree":[277,382],"development:":[278],"Pima":[279],"lint":[281,348],"yields":[282,310,677],"nearly":[284],"bale/acre":[286,294],"2004,":[288],"but":[289,326,396],"crashed":[290],"about":[292,451,495,505,601],"2":[293],"due":[297],"very":[299],"cool":[300],"spring":[301],"conditions":[302,322],"poor":[306],"stand":[307],"establishment.":[308],"Cotton":[309],"plant":[312],"height":[313],"unaffected":[315,385],"salinity.":[317],"Spring":[318,485],"2006":[319],"provided":[320],"excellent":[321,372],"growth,":[325],"excessive":[327],"accumulated":[329],"inches":[334,540],"Well":[337,353,367,464,512,574,588,606,653,704],"beds":[339],"reduced":[340,356,583],"emergence":[342],"14%":[344],"(statistically":[345],"insignificant)":[346],"saline":[352],"275":[358],"lb/ac":[359,456],"However,":[365,412,514],"still":[371],"3.12":[374],"bale/ac.Increase":[375],"rootstock":[378],"diameter":[379],"general":[381],"development":[383],"salinity":[387,468,585,603],"both":[389],"years,":[395],"PG1":[397],"showed":[399],"7%":[402],"decrease":[403,561],"4th":[408],"(Figure":[410],"1).":[411],"Photoshop\u00ae":[413],"pixel":[414],"counts":[415],"green":[417,427],"foliage":[418,428],"down":[419,595],"row":[421],"show":[422],"an":[423,496,664,670],"equal":[424],"amount":[425],"all":[430],"as":[432,525],"10/18/08.Salinity":[434],"sustainability:":[436],"At":[437],"2006,":[441,566],"after":[442,687],"seasons":[444],"program":[449],"applied":[450,646],"6,600,":[452],"32,500":[453],"54,000":[455],"salt":[458],"Aqueduct,":[461],"Blend":[462],"treatments,":[465],"respectively.":[466],"Rootzone":[467],"wettest":[474],"part":[475],"profile":[478],"(between":[479],"hoses)":[482],"measured":[483],"Fall":[487],"soil":[488],"samples":[489],"remained":[491],"surprisingly":[492],"stable":[493],"ECe":[497,516],"treatment.":[513],"in-season":[515],"much":[523],"sub":[529],"buried":[533],"tape.":[535],"Without":[536],"10":[539],"effective":[542],"rainfall":[543],"or":[544],"fresh":[545],"winter":[547],"efficient":[550],"leaching":[551],"may":[554],"not":[555],"be":[556],"sustainable.":[557],"Due":[558],"combined":[567],"50%":[570],"four":[580,621],"years":[581,622,686],"we":[582],"(by":[590],"blending":[591],"water)":[594],"4.5":[597],"dS/m.":[598],"This":[599],"start":[609],"2004.":[614],"After":[615],"one":[616],"pistachios":[629,689],"total":[631],"73,823":[633],"lb":[634,658],"salt/wetted":[635,659],"(about":[637],"9.5":[639],"wide":[641],"zone":[642],"subbing)":[644],"active":[649],"8,050":[657],"water.At":[663],"average":[665],"price":[667],"$1.08/lb,":[669],"economic":[671],"analysis":[672],"prior":[681],"shows":[690],"net":[692],"return":[693],"$2,120":[695],"@":[699,706],"$120/ac-ft":[700],"$2,249":[702],"$45/ac-ft":[707],"system.":[710]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}