{"id":"https://openalex.org/W6349928","doi":null,"title":"Interaction between cisplatin and gemcitabine in vitro and in vivo.","display_name":"Interaction between cisplatin and gemcitabine in vitro and in vivo.","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W6349928","mag":"6349928","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7481849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:7481849","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7481849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seminars in oncology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035296183","display_name":"Godefridus J. Peters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-2877","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-2877"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G J Peters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oncology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oncology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031117246","display_name":"Andries Marinus Bergman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5223-2549","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5223-2549"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A M Bergman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112650946","display_name":"Veronique W.T. Ruiz van Haperen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V W Ruiz van Haperen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110012391","display_name":"Gijsbert Veerman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Veerman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003914411","display_name":"Catharina M. Kuiper","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C M Kuiper","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111671676","display_name":"Boudewijn J.M. Braakhuis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B J Braakhuis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0549,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":312,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91395899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4 Suppl 11","first_page":"72","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10163","display_name":"Metal complexes synthesis and properties","score":0.9355000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10163","display_name":"Metal complexes synthesis and properties","score":0.9355000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11845","display_name":"Cancer therapeutics and mechanisms","score":0.01850000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11752","display_name":"Cancer Treatment and Pharmacology","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cisplatin","display_name":"cisplatin","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gemcitabine","display_name":"gemcitabine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-synergy","display_name":"drug synergy","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combination-chemotherapy","display_name":"combination chemotherapy","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ovarian-cancer","display_name":"ovarian cancer","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-and-neck-squamous-cell-carcinoma","display_name":"head and neck squamous cell carcinoma","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cisplatin-resistance","display_name":"cisplatin resistance","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-double-strand-breaks","display_name":"DNA double-strand breaks","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-xenografts","display_name":"tumor xenografts","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a2780-cells","display_name":"A2780 cells","score":0.796999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780258809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414143","display_name":"Gemcitabine","level":3,"score":0.9626593589782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778239845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412415","display_name":"Cisplatin","level":3,"score":0.9406499266624451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.7826590538024902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6053220629692078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780427987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172341","display_name":"Ovarian cancer","level":3,"score":0.5668106079101562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.4891360104084015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778397455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50429865","display_name":"Antimetabolite","level":3,"score":0.4806048572063446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.46286898851394653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.39864304661750793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.3899478018283844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776694085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974135","display_name":"Chemotherapy","level":2,"score":0.37345802783966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2729552984237671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.23260381817817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.08884373307228088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000093542","descriptor_name":"Gemcitabine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000964","descriptor_name":"Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000964","descriptor_name":"Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000964","descriptor_name":"Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000970","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000970","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000971","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000971","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002455","descriptor_name":"Cell Division","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002945","descriptor_name":"Cisplatin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002945","descriptor_name":"Cisplatin","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003110","descriptor_name":"Colonic Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003841","descriptor_name":"Deoxycytidine","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003841","descriptor_name":"Deoxycytidine","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003841","descriptor_name":"Deoxycytidine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003841","descriptor_name":"Deoxycytidine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004249","descriptor_name":"DNA Damage","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004273","descriptor_name":"DNA, Neoplasm","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004334","descriptor_name":"Drug Administration Schedule","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004357","descriptor_name":"Drug Synergism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004361","descriptor_name":"Drug Tolerance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005470","descriptor_name":"Fluorometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006258","descriptor_name":"Head and Neck Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007274","descriptor_name":"Injections, Intraperitoneal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007275","descriptor_name":"Injections, Intravenous","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008807","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred BALB C","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008819","descriptor_name":"Mice, Nude","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010051","descriptor_name":"Ovarian Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014407","descriptor_name":"Tumor Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014407","descriptor_name":"Tumor Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019008","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Neoplasm","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:7481849","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7481849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seminars in oncology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:6349928","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7481849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2139204427","https://openalex.org/W1972245712","https://openalex.org/W2234785744","https://openalex.org/W7100827284","https://openalex.org/W2407144794","https://openalex.org/W1981483088","https://openalex.org/W2149249942","https://openalex.org/W1982219844","https://openalex.org/W2076649038","https://openalex.org/W2292514224"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Both":[0],"gemcitabine":[1,145,151,168,195,261,286],"(2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine;":[2],"dFdC)":[3],"and":[4,18,20,32,64,69,71,76,81,83,98,118,126,152,158,172,231,262,269],"cisplatin":[5,136,153,210,263],"(cis-diammine":[6],"dichloroplatinum;":[7],"CDDP)":[8],"are":[9],"active":[10,245],"against":[11],"several":[12],"solid":[13],"malignancies,":[14],"including":[15],"ovarian":[16,59],"cancer":[17,60,78],"head":[19,75],"neck":[21,77],"squamous":[22],"cell":[23,61],"carcinoma.":[24],"Because":[25],"of":[26,30,36,56,167,180,183,201,260],"differences":[27],"in":[28,51,65,156,170,187,219,225,229,250,267,273],"mechanisms":[29],"action":[31],"toxicity":[33],"profiles,":[34],"combination":[35,259],"the":[37,49,57,74,84,101,165,181,188,197,247,258],"two":[38],"drugs":[39,102],"has":[40],"enormous":[41],"clinical":[42],"potential.":[43],"We":[44],"studied":[45],"possible":[46],"synergism":[47,276],"between":[48],"drugs:":[50],"vitro":[52,268],"using":[53,67],"three":[54],"variants":[55],"human":[58],"line":[62],"A2780,":[63],"vivo":[66],"gemcitabine-":[68],"cisplatin-sensitive":[70],"-resistant":[72],"tumors,":[73,252],"xenografts":[79],"HNX-22B":[80,251],"HNX-14C":[82,230],"murine":[85],"syngeneic":[86],"colon":[87,232],"26-10":[88,233],"tumor.":[89],"In":[90,115,193,256],"vitro,":[91],"cells":[92],"were":[93],"cultured":[94],"for":[95,103,124,137,146],"72":[96,106,127],"hours":[97,128,139,148,238],"exposed":[99],"to":[100,105],"1":[104],"hours;":[107],"synergy":[108],"was":[109,129,154,243],"evaluated":[110],"by":[111,141,150,191,285],"multiple":[112],"drug-effect":[113],"analysis.":[114],"wild-type":[116],"A2780":[117,159,171],"cisplatin-resistant":[119],"ADDP":[120,157,173],"cells,":[121],"simultaneous":[122,248],"exposure":[123],"24":[125],"synergistic,":[130],"as":[131,133,246],"well":[132],"preincubation":[134],"with":[135,144,209],"4":[138,147,212,237],"followed":[140,149],"gemcitabine.":[142,192],"Preincubation":[143],"synergistic":[155,266],"cells.":[160,174],"Cisplatin":[161,175],"did":[162],"not":[163,228],"enhance":[164],"accumulation":[166,288],"triphosphate":[169,287],"caused":[176,190],"a":[177],"marginal":[178],"decrease":[179],"number":[182],"double":[184],"strand":[185],"breaks":[186],"DNA":[189,290],"vivo,":[194],"at":[196,211,220,270],"maximum":[198],"tolerated":[199],"dose":[200],"100":[202],"or":[203,240,289],"120":[204],"mg/kg":[205],"could":[206],"be":[207,265,283],"combined":[208],"mg/kg.":[213],"When":[214],"injected":[215,236],"simultaneously":[216],"this":[217,275],"resulted":[218],"least":[221,271],"additive":[222,272],"anti-tumor":[223],"activity":[224],"HNX-22B,":[226],"but":[227,253],"tumors.":[234],"Cisplatin,":[235],"before":[239],"after":[241],"gemcitabine,":[242],"equally":[244],"schedule":[249,278],"more":[254],"toxic.":[255],"conclusion,":[257],"can":[264],"vivo;":[274],"is":[277],"dependent.":[279],"The":[280],"mechanism":[281],"cannot":[282],"explained":[284],"damage":[291],"studies.":[292]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
