{"id":"https://openalex.org/W634155183","doi":null,"title":"An analysis of TB epidemiology from a primary care perspective using the General Practice Research Database","display_name":"An analysis of TB epidemiology from a primary care perspective using the General Practice Research Database","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W634155183","mag":"634155183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1332884","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1332884/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London).","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029001021","display_name":"Sarah R. Anderson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sarah R. Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029001021"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11381","display_name":"Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13586","display_name":"HIV, TB, and STIs Epidemiology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis","display_name":"tuberculosis","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-epidemiology","display_name":"tuberculosis epidemiology","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-care","display_name":"primary care","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/case-finding","display_name":"case finding","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delayed-diagnosis","display_name":"delayed diagnosis","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-disease","display_name":"chronic disease","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/case-fatality-rate","display_name":"case fatality rate","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/all-cause-mortality","display_name":"all-cause mortality","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognosis","display_name":"prognosis","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-respiratory-tract-infections","display_name":"recurrent respiratory infections","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-symptoms","display_name":"tuberculosis symptoms","score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/referral-process","display_name":"referral process","score":0.3070000112056732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9004439115524292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187316915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92307203","display_name":"Case fatality rate","level":3,"score":0.7203525304794312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.702694833278656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.597482442855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.5762271285057068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5269597172737122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5196610689163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.4904343783855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779399171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483951","display_name":"Malignancy","level":2,"score":0.47328656911849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.4438791275024414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.42914527654647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.36918002367019653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2714972496032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.14610949158668518}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:1332884","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1332884/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London).","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:634155183","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1332884/1/1332884.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306508231","display_name":"Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London).","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London).","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":177,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9280475","https://openalex.org/W11309145","https://openalex.org/W29902202","https://openalex.org/W41881812","https://openalex.org/W47049445","https://openalex.org/W47521124","https://openalex.org/W51105299","https://openalex.org/W70221590","https://openalex.org/W73996258","https://openalex.org/W83645377","https://openalex.org/W116365660","https://openalex.org/W123303041","https://openalex.org/W131670189","https://openalex.org/W151076774","https://openalex.org/W157354978","https://openalex.org/W178974529","https://openalex.org/W181145930","https://openalex.org/W189560381","https://openalex.org/W205622831","https://openalex.org/W244660093","https://openalex.org/W595375220","https://openalex.org/W1569985417","https://openalex.org/W1572319397","https://openalex.org/W1691887444","https://openalex.org/W1703092141","https://openalex.org/W1736208841","https://openalex.org/W1780939541","https://openalex.org/W1862754110","https://openalex.org/W1868048310","https://openalex.org/W1894380157","https://openalex.org/W1964345110","https://openalex.org/W1967780760","https://openalex.org/W1975045527","https://openalex.org/W1976406309","https://openalex.org/W1976566530","https://openalex.org/W1977561048","https://openalex.org/W1978916288","https://openalex.org/W1983234922","https://openalex.org/W1984583304","https://openalex.org/W1984736548","https://openalex.org/W1987531965","https://openalex.org/W1991473061","https://openalex.org/W1992288256","https://openalex.org/W1992668591","https://openalex.org/W1996239854","https://openalex.org/W1996278287","https://openalex.org/W1997702136","https://openalex.org/W1998806628","https://openalex.org/W2000225161","https://openalex.org/W2000279139","https://openalex.org/W2004071726","https://openalex.org/W2009105260","https://openalex.org/W2009319694","https://openalex.org/W2011159575","https://openalex.org/W2012488014","https://openalex.org/W2014755625","https://openalex.org/W2019636038","https://openalex.org/W2022143585","https://openalex.org/W2024342339","https://openalex.org/W2026962900","https://openalex.org/W2029576934","https://openalex.org/W2029694021","https://openalex.org/W2031894898","https://openalex.org/W2032312572","https://openalex.org/W2033945449","https://openalex.org/W2034902527","https://openalex.org/W2036325768","https://openalex.org/W2038157812","https://openalex.org/W2038416356","https://openalex.org/W2039136496","https://openalex.org/W2040492681","https://openalex.org/W2040607555","https://openalex.org/W2042680533","https://openalex.org/W2046852559","https://openalex.org/W2047343269","https://openalex.org/W2049529849","https://openalex.org/W2053479115","https://openalex.org/W2054109519","https://openalex.org/W2055314405","https://openalex.org/W2058837954","https://openalex.org/W2061798318","https://openalex.org/W2063717987","https://openalex.org/W2063864744","https://openalex.org/W2066191478","https://openalex.org/W2069665972","https://openalex.org/W2072905627","https://openalex.org/W2076332584","https://openalex.org/W2079354429","https://openalex.org/W2079757735","https://openalex.org/W2080505638","https://openalex.org/W2080592190","https://openalex.org/W2083012122","https://openalex.org/W2083475779","https://openalex.org/W2084018009","https://openalex.org/W2084993145","https://openalex.org/W2092369059","https://openalex.org/W2097803992","https://openalex.org/W2098676138","https://openalex.org/W2098765769","https://openalex.org/W2099102455","https://openalex.org/W2099411205","https://openalex.org/W2099798317","https://openalex.org/W2100437212","https://openalex.org/W2108206593","https://openalex.org/W2109392254","https://openalex.org/W2114800913","https://openalex.org/W2115739016","https://openalex.org/W2117037090","https://openalex.org/W2118164931","https://openalex.org/W2119065837","https://openalex.org/W2119264715","https://openalex.org/W2119301482","https://openalex.org/W2120011307","https://openalex.org/W2120236932","https://openalex.org/W2122146965","https://openalex.org/W2124948157","https://openalex.org/W2126857280","https://openalex.org/W2128885785","https://openalex.org/W2128985549","https://openalex.org/W2132180171","https://openalex.org/W2134650090","https://openalex.org/W2135729655","https://openalex.org/W2136527705","https://openalex.org/W2136786817","https://openalex.org/W2136878958","https://openalex.org/W2138760802","https://openalex.org/W2139000771","https://openalex.org/W2140876979","https://openalex.org/W2140916381","https://openalex.org/W2144010669","https://openalex.org/W2144418705","https://openalex.org/W2144668909","https://openalex.org/W2144873061","https://openalex.org/W2148472131","https://openalex.org/W2152450008","https://openalex.org/W2153867987","https://openalex.org/W2155927499","https://openalex.org/W2157604999","https://openalex.org/W2159767143","https://openalex.org/W2160054127","https://openalex.org/W2160697335","https://openalex.org/W2162005913","https://openalex.org/W2162165544","https://openalex.org/W2162960011","https://openalex.org/W2164281271","https://openalex.org/W2164433972","https://openalex.org/W2166023323","https://openalex.org/W2166572106","https://openalex.org/W2167452350","https://openalex.org/W2169729194","https://openalex.org/W2262756841","https://openalex.org/W2326455719","https://openalex.org/W2327434669","https://openalex.org/W2396431000","https://openalex.org/W2396661050","https://openalex.org/W2402554568","https://openalex.org/W2405784056","https://openalex.org/W2409364670","https://openalex.org/W2410115898","https://openalex.org/W2410648031","https://openalex.org/W2411158628","https://openalex.org/W2411376140","https://openalex.org/W2412845897","https://openalex.org/W2413910018","https://openalex.org/W2413966275","https://openalex.org/W2414038382","https://openalex.org/W2415531190","https://openalex.org/W2415809687","https://openalex.org/W2415840738","https://openalex.org/W2418171787","https://openalex.org/W2419435654","https://openalex.org/W2427558284","https://openalex.org/W2434928846","https://openalex.org/W2480631491","https://openalex.org/W2786108669","https://openalex.org/W2982712704","https://openalex.org/W4232416913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099777692","https://openalex.org/W7165489376","https://openalex.org/W2094023382","https://openalex.org/W1780939541","https://openalex.org/W7172323285","https://openalex.org/W2053026708","https://openalex.org/W4388187578","https://openalex.org/W2259925910","https://openalex.org/W4413149125","https://openalex.org/W2587221879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"TB":[1,19,30,64,76,83,125,160,210,226,265,297],"is":[2],"a":[3,54,57,67,112,163,172,204,213,231,241,288],"growing":[4],"public":[5],"health":[6],"problem.":[7],"Most":[8],"research":[9,286],"focuses":[10],"on":[11,102],"secondary":[12],"care.":[13],"This,":[14],"\\nthe":[15],"largest":[16],"study":[17,71,131],"of":[18,29,36,115,118,179,216,243,253,256,271,296],"in":[20,39,157,166,184,227],"primary":[21,37,228],"care":[22,38,229],"to":[23,26,62,72,162,219,234],"date,":[24],"aims":[25],"investigate":[27,63],"aspects":[28],"\\nepidemiology":[31],"by":[32],"examining":[33],"the":[34,49,185,254,300],"role":[35],"case":[40,173],"detection,":[41],"management":[42],"and":[43,56,66,74,78,85,110,124,138,171,197,237,262,268,274,293],"\\noutcomes.":[44],"\\nMethods:":[45],"Using":[46],"data":[47],"from":[48,246],"General":[50],"Practice":[51],"Research":[52],"Database":[53],"case-control":[55,130],"self-controlled":[58,68],"\\nstudy":[59],"were":[60,89,126,141,200],"undertaken":[61],"pre-diagnosis":[65],"\\nand":[69,298],"cohort":[70],"describe":[73],"quantify":[75],"morbidity":[77,158],"mortality":[79,168],"post-diagnosis.":[80,188],"\\nResults:":[81],"3032":[82],"cases":[84,96,211],"15,160":[86],"matched":[87],"controls":[88],"analysed.":[90],"The":[91],"pre-TB":[92],"studies":[93],"showed":[94,133],"\\nthat":[95],"had":[97,154,212],"higher":[98],"consultation":[99],"rates,":[100],"consulted":[101],"multiple":[103],"occasions":[104],"often":[105],"with":[106,203],"\\nrecurrent":[107],"respiratory":[108,122],"infections":[109],"experienced":[111],"diagnostic":[113],"delay":[114],"up-to-4months.":[116],"\\nStrengths":[117],"association":[119,257],"between":[120,258],"symptoms,":[121],"diseases":[123],"also":[127,132],"\\nnoted.":[128],"\\nThe":[129],"that":[134],"male":[135,194],"gender,":[136,195],"smoking":[137],"chronic":[139,198],"disease":[140,199],"\\nindependent":[142],"risk":[143,266],"factors":[144,267],"for":[145,221,290,302],"TB.":[146],"\\nPost-TB,":[147],"patients":[148],"who":[149],"survived":[150],"at":[151],"least":[152],"18months":[153],"no":[155],"increase":[156,165],"but":[159,240],"\\nled":[161],"slight":[164],"all-cause":[167],"(adjusted":[169],"HR:1.53)":[170],"fatality":[174],"rate":[175],"\\nat":[176],"one":[177],"year":[178,187],"6.5%.":[180],"Mortality":[181],"was":[182],"highest":[183],"first":[186,249],"Undiagnosed":[189],"\\npulmonary":[190],"TB,":[191,259],"older":[192],"age,":[193],"malignancy":[196],"all":[201],"associated":[202],"worse":[205],"prognosis.":[206],"At":[207],"10":[208],"years,":[209],"70%":[214],"chance":[215],"survival":[217],"\\ncompared":[218],"79%":[220],"patients\u2019":[222],"without-TB.":[223],"\\nConclusions:":[224],"Diagnosing":[225],"remains":[230],"challenge":[232],"due":[233],"its":[235,260],"variable":[236],"non-specific":[238],"\\nnature":[239],"window":[242],"opportunity":[244],"exists":[245],"4months":[247],"following":[248],"presentation.":[250],"\\nCombining":[251],"knowledge":[252],"strength":[255],"symptoms":[261],"\\nrespiratory":[263],"diagnoses,":[264],"raising":[269],"awareness":[270,295],"newer":[272],"investigations":[273],"\\nlocal":[275],"referral":[276],"processes":[277],"could":[278],"help":[279],"GPs":[280],"make":[281],"an":[282],"earlier":[283,303],"diagnosis.":[284,304],"\\nThis":[285],"indicates":[287],"need":[289,301],"improved":[291],"patient":[292],"professional":[294],"emphasises":[299]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}