{"id":"https://openalex.org/W628642717","doi":null,"title":"Tough Choices: Risk, Security and the Criminalization of Drug Policy","display_name":"Tough Choices: Risk, Security and the Criminalization of Drug Policy","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W628642717","mag":"628642717"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/ced328fd-08cd-4002-86ed-3df77c80173c","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/ced328fd-08cd-4002-86ed-3df77c80173c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seddon, T, Williams, L & Ralphs, R 2012, Tough Choices: Risk, Security and the Criminalization of Drug Policy. Clarendon Studies in Criminology, Oxford University Press, Oxford.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/book"},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024511747","display_name":"Toby Seddon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3516-5983","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3516-5983"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seddon, T.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Criminology and Criminal Justice"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Criminology and Criminal Justice","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069507618","display_name":"Lisa Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3243-1353","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3243-1353"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Williams, L.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090614818","display_name":"Robert Ralphs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8359-2598","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8359-2598"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralphs, R.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.4531,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97739172,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.5679000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.5679000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.16940000653266907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.13169999420642853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-policy","display_name":"drug policy","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminalization","display_name":"criminalization","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk","display_name":"risk","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security","display_name":"security","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-justice","display_name":"criminal justice","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-offenses","display_name":"drug offenses","score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-custody","display_name":"police custody","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-courts","display_name":"criminal courts","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-work","display_name":"knowledge work","score":0.503000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780652975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761413","display_name":"Criminalization","level":2,"score":0.9143571853637695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.7795339822769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.628192663192749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154908896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2167404","display_name":"Security policy","level":2,"score":0.5294758081436157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5136027336120605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4991002082824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4878714084625244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185052227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2352967","display_name":"Theory of criminal justice","level":3,"score":0.48177453875541687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.36880719661712646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3042893409729004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2704561650753021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.23379653692245483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11624652147293091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.10999122262001038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/ced328fd-08cd-4002-86ed-3df77c80173c","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/ced328fd-08cd-4002-86ed-3df77c80173c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Seddon, T, Williams, L & Ralphs, R 2012, Tough Choices: Risk, Security and the Criminalization of Drug Policy. Clarendon Studies in Criminology, Oxford University Press, Oxford.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/book"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":1.0,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1625030315","https://openalex.org/W2159648468","https://openalex.org/W3002794167","https://openalex.org/W2538805621","https://openalex.org/W4242449394","https://openalex.org/W2691547699","https://openalex.org/W2071508330","https://openalex.org/W2589667341","https://openalex.org/W1997229084","https://openalex.org/W7097430472"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"1.":[0],"Introduction:":[1],"Drugs,":[2],"Crime":[3],"and":[4,10,53],"Criminal":[5,12,29,46],"Justice":[6,13,47],"2.":[7],"Risk,":[8],"Security":[9,54],"the":[11,45],"Turn":[14,48],"3.":[15],"The":[16,42],"Politics":[17],"of":[18,44],"Drug":[19],"Policy-Making":[20],"4.":[21],"Police":[22],"Custody:":[23],"A":[24,31],"Risk":[25,32,52],"Filtering":[26],"Machine":[27],"5.":[28],"Courts:":[30],"Management":[33],"System":[34],"6.":[35],"Drugs":[36],"Work":[37,40],"/":[38],"Knowledge":[39],"7.":[41],"Impact":[43],"8.":[49],"Conclusions:":[50],"Reimagining":[51]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-09T07:26:56.047234","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
