{"id":"https://openalex.org/W623809264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2614604","title":"The Kauffman Index 2015: Startup Activity | Metropolitan Area and City Trends","display_name":"The Kauffman Index 2015: Startup Activity | Metropolitan Area and City Trends","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W623809264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2614604","mag":"623809264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.2614604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2614604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2614604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2614604","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018385754","display_name":"Arnobio Morelix","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arnobio Morelix","raw_affiliation_strings":["Startup Genome, 212 Clara Street, San Francisco, CA 94107, United States","Startup Genome"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Startup Genome, 212 Clara Street, San Francisco, CA 94107, United States","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Startup Genome","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021398874","display_name":"Robert W. Fairlie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8634-9785","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8634-9785"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321305853","display_name":"National Bureau of Economic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04grmx538","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Fairlie","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States","University of California, Santa Cruz - Department of Economics, Department of Economics, Engineering 2 Bldg., Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States","National Bureau of Economic Research","University of California, Santa Cruz - Department of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Cruz - Department of Economics, Department of Economics, Engineering 2 Bldg., Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Bureau of Economic Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321305853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Cruz - Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035932263","display_name":"Joshua Russell-Fritch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Russell-Fritch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082224660","display_name":"E. J. Reedy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40347166","display_name":"University of Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/024mw5h28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. J. Reedy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chicago - Polsky Center for Entrepreneurship, 5807 S. Woodlawn Ave., Suite 207, Chicago, IL 60637, United States","University of Chicago - Polsky Center for Entrepreneurship"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago - Polsky Center for Entrepreneurship, 5807 S. Woodlawn Ave., Suite 207, Chicago, IL 60637, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chicago - Polsky Center for Entrepreneurship","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018385754"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.014499999582767487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12693","display_name":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/start-up-activity","display_name":"start-up activity","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurship","display_name":"entrepreneurship","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-start-up","display_name":"startups","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metropolitan-areas","display_name":"metropolitan areas","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigrant-entrepreneurship","display_name":"immigrant entrepreneurship","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/great-recession","display_name":"Great Recession","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-index","display_name":"composite index","score":0.3720000088214874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.8015597462654114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.6345734000205994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.4106748104095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.39506375789642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19900044798851013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.2614604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2614604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2614604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:harvest.issuelab.org:25295","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://issuelab.org/permalink/resource/25295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196281","display_name":"Issue Lab (Candid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210144560","host_organization_name":"Candid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144560"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.2614604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2614604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2614604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6452000141143799,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W145694631","https://openalex.org/W1513501817","https://openalex.org/W1665885429","https://openalex.org/W2169822082","https://openalex.org/W2254334809","https://openalex.org/W2918118950","https://openalex.org/W3123617640","https://openalex.org/W4249872304","https://openalex.org/W4250050365","https://openalex.org/W4301247156"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2343507093","https://openalex.org/W765018155","https://openalex.org/W2620198992","https://openalex.org/W3121314295","https://openalex.org/W2511339001","https://openalex.org/W2508934744","https://openalex.org/W2619488528","https://openalex.org/W2618211170","https://openalex.org/W2508148549","https://openalex.org/W2598407503"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-23T05:00:35.095934","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
