{"id":"https://openalex.org/W62320463","doi":null,"title":"Comparison of adjuvants with Leishmania antigens in a guinea pig model to induce delayed-type hypersensitivity responses.","display_name":"Comparison of adjuvants with Leishmania antigens in a guinea pig model to induce delayed-type hypersensitivity responses.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W62320463","mag":"62320463","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10551453"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:10551453","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10551453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Laboratory animal science","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039232817","display_name":"E J Briand","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92664306","display_name":"Walter Reed Army Institute of Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0145znz58","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106965489","https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802581893","https://openalex.org/I92664306"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E J Briand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92664306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036379344","display_name":"Gaye Ruble","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G R Ruble","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062570705","display_name":"John M. Stiteler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Stiteler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041725513","display_name":"Levelle D. Harris","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L D Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109311173","display_name":"J. Robert Burge","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J R Burge","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025944403","display_name":"E T Soranaka","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E T Soranaka","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"G Glenn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Glenn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020577911","display_name":"Fonzie J. Quance-Fitch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Quance-Fitch","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109242505","display_name":"EDGAR D. ROWTON","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E D Rowton","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"5","first_page":"519","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10823","display_name":"Research on Leishmaniasis Studies","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10823","display_name":"Research on Leishmaniasis Studies","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12107","display_name":"Leprosy Research and Treatment","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjuvants","display_name":"adjuvants","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leishmania","display_name":"Leishmania","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delayed-type-hypersensitivity","display_name":"delayed-type hypersensitivity","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guinea-pig-model","display_name":"guinea pig model","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complete-freund-s-adjuvant","display_name":"complete Freund's adjuvant","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liposomes","display_name":"liposomes","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-testing","display_name":"skin testing","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-mediated-immunity","display_name":"cell-mediated immunity","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-welfare","display_name":"animal welfare","score":0.5680000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777863537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357896","display_name":"Adjuvant","level":2,"score":0.8420819044113159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.7901866436004639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781092759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q524818","display_name":"Leishmania","level":3,"score":0.6843027472496033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.6397274732589722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017924640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7860879","display_name":"Delayed hypersensitivity","level":3,"score":0.6059648394584656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778815084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79803","display_name":"Guinea pig","level":2,"score":0.5879250764846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.5411466956138611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780599195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1950715","display_name":"Leishmania major","level":4,"score":0.5139514803886414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.44377392530441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778702967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2590966","display_name":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis","level":3,"score":0.4109859764575958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776555147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331283","display_name":"Leishmaniasis","level":2,"score":0.3589409589767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3494859039783478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71928629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q804206","display_name":"Parasite hosting","level":2,"score":0.14390206336975098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.04793119430541992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000276","descriptor_name":"Adjuvants, Immunologic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000953","descriptor_name":"Antigens, Protozoan","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005620","descriptor_name":"Freund's Adjuvant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006168","descriptor_name":"Guinea Pigs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006968","descriptor_name":"Hypersensitivity, Delayed","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007895","descriptor_name":"Leishmania tropica","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008081","descriptor_name":"Liposomes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011060","descriptor_name":"Poloxalene","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012882","descriptor_name":"Skin Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018320","descriptor_name":"Leishmania major","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:10551453","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10551453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Laboratory animal science","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"mag:62320463","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10551453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040144900","https://openalex.org/W2407028672","https://openalex.org/W2002835482","https://openalex.org/W2083208195","https://openalex.org/W2427824122","https://openalex.org/W2253715327","https://openalex.org/W2038294407","https://openalex.org/W2012813469","https://openalex.org/W8065862","https://openalex.org/W2025593083"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND":[0],"AND":[1],"PURPOSE:":[2],"Guinea":[3],"pigs":[4,69,106,138,153],"have":[5,24,34],"been":[6,25,35],"a":[7,38,72,179],"traditional":[8],"model":[9,40,177],"for":[10,45,50],"studies":[11],"of":[12,20,31,53,79,117,151],"delayed-type":[13],"hypersensitivity.":[14],"They":[15,33],"are":[16],"the":[17,93,133],"natural":[18],"host":[19],"Leishmania":[21,62,110,134],"enriettii":[22],"and":[23,88,122,124],"experimentally":[26],"infected":[27],"with":[28,59,97,109,115],"other":[29],"species":[30],"Leishmania.":[32,51],"used":[36,174],"as":[37,142,178],"skin-test":[39,146],"to":[41,66,70,92,149],"screen":[42],"potential":[43],"antigens":[44,111,135],"use":[46,78],"in":[47,175],"diagnostic":[48],"tests":[49],"Use":[52,89],"complete":[54],"Freund's":[55],"adjuvant":[56,144],"(CFA),":[57],"along":[58],"whole":[60],"promastigote":[61],"antigen,":[63],"was":[64,158],"necessary":[65],"sensitize":[67],"guinea":[68,105,137,152],"invoke":[71],"sufficient":[73],"cell-mediated":[74],"immune":[75],"response.":[76],"However,":[77],"CFA":[80],"has":[81],"come":[82],"under":[83],"scrutiny":[84],"by":[85],"Animal":[86],"Care":[87],"Committees":[90],"due":[91],"pathologic":[94],"changes":[95],"associated":[96],"its":[98],"use.":[99],"METHODS:":[100],"Thirty-two":[101],"specific-pathogen-free":[102],"male":[103],"Hartley":[104],"were":[107,125,168],"inoculated":[108],"alone":[112],"or":[113],"mixed":[114],"one":[116],"three":[118],"adjuvants":[119],"(CFA,":[120],"TiterMax,":[121],"liposomes),":[123],"skin":[126],"tested":[127],"2":[128],"weeks":[129],"later.":[130],"RESULTS:":[131],"For":[132],"tested,":[136,160],"that":[139,154],"received":[140,155],"liposomes":[141],"an":[143],"had":[145],"responses":[147,163],"comparable":[148],"those":[150],"CFA.":[156],"TiterMax":[157],"also":[159],"but":[161],"cellular":[162],"at":[164],"antigen":[165],"test":[166],"sites":[167],"poor.":[169],"CONCLUSIONS:":[170],"Liposomes":[171],"can":[172],"be":[173],"this":[176],"safe,":[180],"effective":[181],"adjuvant.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}