{"id":"https://openalex.org/W61935552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/825555","title":"CHEMICAL FIXATION OF CO2 IN COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS AND RECYCLING THROUGH BIOSYSTEMS","display_name":"CHEMICAL FIXATION OF CO2 IN COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS AND RECYCLING THROUGH BIOSYSTEMS","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W61935552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/825555","mag":"61935552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2172/825555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/825555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/825555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Energy Technology Laboratory","raw_type":"report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/825555","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003021323","display_name":"C. Henry Copeland","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Henry Copeland","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007316985","display_name":"Paul A. Pier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Pier","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024750365","display_name":"Samantha Whitehead","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samantha Whitehead","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107267598","display_name":"Paul Enlow","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Enlow","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016404088","display_name":"Richard C. Strickland","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Strickland","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033249780","display_name":"David Behel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Behel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10476","display_name":"Algal biology and biofuel production","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10476","display_name":"Algal biology and biofuel production","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10967","display_name":"Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies","score":0.010499999858438969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1506","display_name":"Filtration and Separation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11302","display_name":"CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algal-biomass-production","display_name":"algal biomass production","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-fixation","display_name":"CO2 fixation","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal-combustion-residuals","display_name":"coal combustion by-products","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fly-ash","display_name":"fly ash","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bicarbonate","display_name":"bicarbonate","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algae-growth","display_name":"algae growth","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissolved-carbon-dioxide","display_name":"dissolved CO2","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ph-control","display_name":"pH control","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algal-harvesting","display_name":"algal harvesting","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-up","display_name":"scale-up","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-sequestration","display_name":"carbon sequestration","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anaerobic-digestion","display_name":"anaerobic digestion","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methane-production","display_name":"methane production","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethanol-production","display_name":"ethanol production","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofuels","display_name":"biofuels","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bio-oil","display_name":"bio-oil","score":0.375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559758991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37868","display_name":"Algae","level":2,"score":0.6370244026184082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781112554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409202","display_name":"Bicarbonate","level":2,"score":0.6084890961647034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199873434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901921","display_name":"Carbon fixation","level":3,"score":0.5745768547058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183688256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11982","display_name":"Photosynthesis","level":2,"score":0.5625245571136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530467964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1997","display_name":"Carbon dioxide","level":2,"score":0.5289304852485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.5281997323036194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.5189297199249268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5041435956954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145597803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97704244","display_name":"Total inorganic carbon","level":3,"score":0.47292855381965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.4446415305137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518851703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489","display_name":"Coal","level":2,"score":0.4418207108974457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.4319852292537689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.41108524799346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.35578322410583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.28197312355041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.21507740020751953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.19459593296051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15449678897857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09412872791290283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2172/825555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2172/825555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2172/825555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"National Energy Technology Laboratory","raw_type":"report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:825555","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/825555","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/825555","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:info:ark/67531/metadc780200","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc780200/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400792","display_name":"University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","host_organization_name":"University of North Texas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Report"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:825555","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/825555","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/825555","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.878000020980835,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5351999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7894737034","display_name":"CHEMICAL FIXATION OF C02 IN   COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS AND  RECYCLING THROUGH ALGAL BIO   SYSTEMS","funder_award_id":"FC2600NT40933","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W61935552.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W61935552.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063065060","https://openalex.org/W2315354616","https://openalex.org/W2785688025","https://openalex.org/W4397029088","https://openalex.org/W2992766301","https://openalex.org/W4391180035","https://openalex.org/W2520348875","https://openalex.org/W3197145729","https://openalex.org/W2053280500","https://openalex.org/W2998154240"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,333],"Annual":[1],"Technical":[2],"Progress":[3],"Report":[4],"presents":[5],"the":[6,34,106,113,116,122,125,130,157,163,197,231,267,282,353],"principle":[7],"results":[8],"in":[9,25,92,160,196,274],"enhanced":[10],"growth":[11,68,98,117,200],"of":[12,44,64,88,108,115,124,174,188,221,248,320,349],"algae":[13,93,189,195,322],"using":[14,60,321],"coal":[15],"combustion":[16],"products":[17],"as":[18],"a":[19,42,52,61,275,297,328,336],"catalyst":[20],"to":[21,37,46,75,81,138,142,155,180,193,261,271,287,300,304,323,327,339,357,362],"increase":[22,143,156],"bicarbonate":[23,38,49,109],"levels":[24],"solution.":[26],"A":[27],"co-current":[28],"reactor":[29,151],"is":[30,55,95,212,223,280,296,311,315],"present":[31],"that":[32,58,165,208,218,293],"increases":[33],"gas":[35,170],"phase":[36,91],"transfer":[39],"rate":[40],"by":[41,102,352],"factor":[43],"five":[45],"nine.":[47],"The":[48,85,172,214,307,318,346],"concentration":[50],"at":[51],"given":[53],"pH":[54,114,182],"approximately":[56],"double":[57],"obtained":[59],"control":[62,181],"column":[63],"similar":[65],"construction.":[66],"Algae":[67],"experiments":[69],"were":[70],"performed":[71],"under":[72],"laboratory":[73],"conditions":[74],"obtain":[76],"baseline":[77],"production":[78,94,211,361],"rates":[79],"and":[80,121,145,225,240,314],"perfect":[82],"experimental":[83],"methods.":[84],"final":[86],"product":[87],"this":[89],"initial":[90],"presented.":[96],"Algal":[97],"can":[99,177,190],"be":[100,178,191,262,272,356],"limited":[101],"several":[103],"factors,":[104],"including":[105],"level":[107],"available":[110,131,158],"for":[111,133,183],"photosynthesis,":[112],"solution,":[118],"nutrient":[119,238],"levels,":[120],"size":[123],"cell":[126],"population,":[127],"which":[128],"determines":[129],"space":[132],"additional":[134,140],"growth.":[135,185],"In":[136],"order":[137],"supply":[139],"CO2":[141,159,176,222],"photosynthesis":[144],"algal":[146,232,268,294,359],"biomass":[147,246,269,283,295,329,334,360],"production,":[148],"fly":[149],"ash":[150],"has":[152,330],"been":[153,331],"demonstrated":[154,207,217,292,351],"solution":[161],"above":[162],"limits":[164],"are":[166],"achievable":[167],"with":[168,367],"dissolved":[169,175],"alone.":[171],"amount":[173],"used":[179,192],"optimum":[184],"Periodic":[186],"harvesting":[187,236],"maintain":[194],"exponential,":[198],"rapid":[199],"phase.":[201],"An":[202],"800":[203],"liter":[204],"scale":[205,210],"up":[206],"larger":[209,215],"possible.":[213],"experiment":[216],"indirect":[219],"addition":[220],"feasible":[224],"produces":[226],"significantly":[227],"less":[228],"stress":[229],"on":[230],"system.":[233],"With":[234],"better":[235],"methods,":[237],"management,":[239,243],"carbon":[241,325,364],"dioxide":[242,326,365],"an":[244,301],"annual":[245],"harvest":[247],"about":[249],"9,000":[250],"metric":[251],"tons":[252],"per":[253,258],"square":[254],"kilometer":[255],"(36":[256],"MT":[257],"acre)":[259],"appears":[260],"feasible.":[263],"To":[264],"sequester":[265],"carbon,":[266],"needs":[270],"placed":[273],"permanent":[276],"location.":[277],"If":[278],"drying":[279],"undesirable,":[281],"will":[284],"eventually":[285],"begin":[286],"aerobically":[288],"decompose.":[289],"It":[290],"was":[291],"suitable":[298],"feed":[299],"anaerobic":[302],"digester":[303],"produce":[305,340],"methane.":[306],"remaining":[308],"carbonaceous":[309],"material":[310],"essentially":[312],"bio-inactive":[313],"permanently":[316],"sequestered.":[317],"feasibility":[319],"convert":[324],"demonstrated.":[332],"provides":[335],"sustainable":[337],"means":[338],"methane,":[341],"ethanol,":[342],"and/or":[343],"bio":[344],"diesel.":[345],"first":[347],"application":[348],"concept":[350],"project":[354],"could":[355],"use":[358],"capture":[363],"associated":[366],"ethanol":[368],"production.":[369]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
