{"id":"https://openalex.org/W618668262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24346-4","title":"Facing the Technological Challenge","display_name":"Facing the Technological Challenge","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W618668262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24346-4","mag":"618668262"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-349-24346-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24346-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24346-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463716","display_name":"Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109557333","display_name":"A. S. Bhalla","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. S. Bhalla","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109557333"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2776,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83108108,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13498","display_name":"Economic Development and Digital Transformation","score":0.926800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13498","display_name":"Economic Development and Digital Transformation","score":0.926800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12786","display_name":"Innovation and Socioeconomic Development","score":0.025299999862909317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13057","display_name":"Asian Industrial and Economic Development","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-and-development","display_name":"technology and development","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microelectronics","display_name":"microelectronics","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-scale-production","display_name":"small-scale production","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexible-specialization","display_name":"flexible specialization","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrialization","display_name":"industrialization","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/green-technology","display_name":"environmental technology","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-business","display_name":"small business","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-dependence","display_name":"technology dependence","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-capabilities","display_name":"technological capabilities","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socio-economic-development","display_name":"socio-economic development","score":0.6060000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.559298038482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.5557220578193665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41866144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202398","display_name":"Industrialisation","level":2,"score":0.5353299379348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5155934691429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.4893788695335388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.42752042412757874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519517224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12827256","display_name":"Mythology","level":2,"score":0.4258579611778259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.3644070625305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.33792775869369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.26522764563560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2337285876274109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21130362153053284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.15162032842636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.08385396003723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.08131638169288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-349-24346-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24346-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24346-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463716","display_name":"Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.48510000109672546}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W86229575","https://openalex.org/W263589782","https://openalex.org/W575364084","https://openalex.org/W585274926","https://openalex.org/W590993317","https://openalex.org/W645227600","https://openalex.org/W1497488931","https://openalex.org/W1510278971","https://openalex.org/W1526340070","https://openalex.org/W1566858326","https://openalex.org/W1573488514","https://openalex.org/W1790463898","https://openalex.org/W1830976680","https://openalex.org/W1926639366","https://openalex.org/W1968246370","https://openalex.org/W1977787730","https://openalex.org/W1978489897","https://openalex.org/W1980905464","https://openalex.org/W1994836856","https://openalex.org/W1995945562","https://openalex.org/W1997828352","https://openalex.org/W2000274025","https://openalex.org/W2001623521","https://openalex.org/W2007175393","https://openalex.org/W2007426744","https://openalex.org/W2018063517","https://openalex.org/W2037635734","https://openalex.org/W2052334659","https://openalex.org/W2055193836","https://openalex.org/W2069764741","https://openalex.org/W2069773694","https://openalex.org/W2072999367","https://openalex.org/W2076262317","https://openalex.org/W2096603495","https://openalex.org/W2096765266","https://openalex.org/W2108181777","https://openalex.org/W2116081677","https://openalex.org/W2120946983","https://openalex.org/W2144836345","https://openalex.org/W2149930354","https://openalex.org/W2233319943","https://openalex.org/W2288855079","https://openalex.org/W2329800676","https://openalex.org/W2469069992","https://openalex.org/W2475911108","https://openalex.org/W2476359747","https://openalex.org/W2477880680","https://openalex.org/W2485371694","https://openalex.org/W2487376351","https://openalex.org/W2496932566","https://openalex.org/W2498603040","https://openalex.org/W2503094974","https://openalex.org/W3125902527","https://openalex.org/W3152276023","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W341295441","https://openalex.org/W2735016144","https://openalex.org/W2117610875","https://openalex.org/W2503603688","https://openalex.org/W2086053244","https://openalex.org/W1432863959","https://openalex.org/W1540901675","https://openalex.org/W2500070492","https://openalex.org/W2791077049","https://openalex.org/W7037097912"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Preface":[0],"-":[1,5,9,11,13,21,30,38,45,52,58,67,70,77,79],"List":[2,6],"of":[3,7,35,55],"Tables":[4],"Figures":[8],"Acknowledgements":[10],"Introduction":[12],"Technology":[14,36,71],"and":[15,19,33,50,74],"Development":[16,76],"in":[17],"Retrospect":[18],"Prospect":[20],"New":[22,46,56],"Technologies:":[23],"Myth":[24],"or":[25],"Reality":[26],"for":[27,40],"Developing":[28],"Countries?":[29],"The":[31],"Concept":[32],"Practice":[34],"Blending":[37],"Microelectronics":[39],"Small-Scale":[41],"Production:":[42],"Some":[43],"Evidence":[44],"Technologies,":[47],"Flexible":[48],"Specialization":[49],"Industrialization":[51],"Socioeconomic":[53,75],"Implications":[54],"Technologies":[57,60],"Cleaner":[59],"with":[61],"Special":[62],"Reference":[63],"to":[64],"Small":[65],"Enterprises":[66],"Technological":[68],"Dependence":[69],"Capability,":[72],"Indicators":[73],"Bibliography":[78],"Index":[80]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}