{"id":"https://openalex.org/W618132177","doi":null,"title":"On the boundaries of theological tolerance in Islam : Ab\u016b \u1e24\u0101mid al-Gh\u0101zal\u012b\u02bes Fay\u1e63al al-Tafriqa bayna al-Islam wa al-zandaqa","display_name":"On the boundaries of theological tolerance in Islam : Ab\u016b \u1e24\u0101mid al-Gh\u0101zal\u012b\u02bes Fay\u1e63al al-Tafriqa bayna al-Islam wa al-zandaqa","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W618132177","mag":"618132177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:618132177","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA66405925","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000784577","display_name":"Sherman A. Jackson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sherman A. Jackson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000784577"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24690813,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13815","display_name":"Islamic Thought and Society Studies","score":0.9023000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13815","display_name":"Islamic Thought and Society Studies","score":0.9023000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1212","display_name":"Religious studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12511","display_name":"Medieval and Classical Philosophy","score":0.09030000120401382,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10794","display_name":"Islamic Studies and History","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/al-ghazali","display_name":"al-Ghazali","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kufr","display_name":"kufr","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irreligion","display_name":"unbelief","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-theology","display_name":"Islamic theology","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-law","display_name":"Islamic law","score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islamic-apologetics","display_name":"Islamic apologetics","score":0.47099998593330383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4445939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432","display_name":"Islam","level":2,"score":0.9293490052223206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24667770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34187","display_name":"Religious studies","level":1,"score":0.6184870004653931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.5141404271125793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.5050879120826721}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:618132177","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA66405925","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6980276163","https://openalex.org/W2317962501","https://openalex.org/W7119408624","https://openalex.org/W2943900233","https://openalex.org/W7048041195","https://openalex.org/W1420540216","https://openalex.org/W4200171897","https://openalex.org/W7017089699","https://openalex.org/W2482571160","https://openalex.org/W3092184585"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Studies":[1],"in":[2,27],"Islamic":[3],"Philosophy":[4],"series":[5],"begins":[6],"with":[7],"an":[8],"annotated":[9],"translation":[10],"of":[11,21,30,40],"Ghazali's":[12],"Faysal":[13],"al":[14,18],"Tafriqa.":[15],"Abu":[16],"Hamid":[17],"Ghazali,":[19],"one":[20],"the":[22,28,44],"most":[23],"famous":[24],"Muslim":[25,63],"intellectuals":[26],"history":[29],"Islam":[31],"set":[32],"out":[33],"to":[34,59],"provide":[35],"a":[36,47,62],"legally":[37],"sanitized":[38],"definition":[39],"unbelief":[41],"(kufr)":[42],"as":[43,52,54],"basis":[45],"for":[46,49],"criterion":[48],"determining":[50],"who,":[51],"far":[53],"theology":[55],"is":[56,58,66],"concerned,":[57],"be":[60],"considered":[61],"and":[64],"who":[65],"not.":[67]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-10-10T17:16:08.811792","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}