{"id":"https://openalex.org/W616792957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20479231","title":":Who Are You? Identification, Deception, and Surveillance in Early Modern Europe","display_name":":Who Are You? Identification, Deception, and Surveillance in Early Modern Europe","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W616792957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20479231","mag":"616792957"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/20479231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20479231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20479231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194858","display_name":"Sixteenth Century Journal","issn_l":"0361-0160","issn":["0361-0160","2326-0726"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315704","host_organization_name":"Truman State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315704"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Truman State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Sixteenth Century Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076019738","display_name":"Lara Apps","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lara Apps","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076019738"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":135.686,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99942147,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"4","first_page":"1249","last_page":"1250"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13863","display_name":"Cultural History and Identity Formation","score":0.38280001282691956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13863","display_name":"Cultural History and Identity Formation","score":0.38280001282691956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13739","display_name":"Medieval and Early Modern Justice","score":0.1737000048160553,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14237","display_name":"Historical and Political Studies","score":0.10660000145435333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification-practices","display_name":"identification practices","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-modern-europe","display_name":"early modern Europe","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forgery","display_name":"forgery","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passports","display_name":"passports","score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impersonation","display_name":"impersonation","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surveillance","display_name":"surveillance","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"signature","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individuality","display_name":"individuality","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roma","display_name":"Roma","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vagrants","display_name":"vagrants","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illegal-immigration","display_name":"illegal immigration","score":0.6209999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.7556713223457336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780362631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633852","display_name":"Uncanny","level":2,"score":0.5502554774284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5267985463142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51575053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72468","display_name":"Bureaucracy","level":3,"score":0.4950253367424011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.4853195548057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.44074711203575134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4122741222381592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53553401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47307","display_name":"Genealogy","level":1,"score":0.40237218141555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.38034260272979736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.35069170594215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.3402096629142761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.30165350437164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.2626216411590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.25738227367401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.13384070992469788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/20479231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20479231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/20479231","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194858","display_name":"Sixteenth Century Journal","issn_l":"0361-0160","issn":["0361-0160","2326-0726"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315704","host_organization_name":"Truman State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315704"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Truman State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Sixteenth Century Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.699999988079071}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1590591717","https://openalex.org/W2461336237","https://openalex.org/W2403026627","https://openalex.org/W4302602190","https://openalex.org/W574967309","https://openalex.org/W652800143","https://openalex.org/W1589010262","https://openalex.org/W1033301866","https://openalex.org/W4251651414","https://openalex.org/W7053442021"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Who":[0,36],"are":[1,37,222],"you?":[2],"And":[3],"how":[4],"can":[5],"you":[6],"prove":[7],"it?":[8],"How":[9],"were":[10,32,202],"individuals":[11,229],"described":[12],"and":[13,20,30,50,57,71,106,134,143,149,168,170,175,185,192,205,218,230,236,245],"identified":[14],"in":[15,22,69,199],"the":[16,42,64,73,108,112,126,137,140,161,171,190,196,248],"centuries":[17],"before":[18],"photography":[19],"fingerprinting,":[21],"a":[23,67],"world":[24],"without":[25,257],"centralized":[26],"administrations,":[27],"where":[28],"names":[29],"addresses":[31],"constantly":[33],"changing?":[34],"In":[35],"You?,":[38],"Valentin":[39],"Groebner":[40,81,188,207],"traces":[41],"early":[43],"modern":[44],"European":[45],"history":[46],"of":[47,66,76,128,157,195,225,228,251],"identification":[48,138],"practices":[49,150],"identity":[51,130,159,210],"papers.":[52,258],"The":[53,101],"documents,":[54],"seals,":[55],"stamps,":[56],"signatures":[58],"were--and":[59],"are--powerful":[60],"tools":[61],"that":[62,209,233],"created":[63],"double":[65],"person":[68],"writ":[70],"bore":[72],"indelible":[74],"signs":[75],"bureaucratic":[77,102],"authenticity.":[78],"Ultimately,":[79],"as":[80,86,93,216],"lucidly":[82],"explains,":[83],"they":[84,94],"revealed":[85],"much":[87],"about":[88,96],"their":[89,97,238],"makers'":[90],"illusory":[91],"fantasies":[92],"did":[95],"bearers'":[98],"actual":[99],"identity.":[100],"desire":[103],"to":[104,153],"register":[105],"control":[107],"population":[109],"created,":[110,204],"from":[111],"sixteenth":[113],"century":[114],"onward,":[115],"an":[116],"intricate":[117],"administrative":[118,158],"system":[119],"for":[120],"tracking":[121],"individual":[122,178],"identities.":[123],"Most":[124],"important,":[125],"proof":[127],"one's":[129],"was":[131],"intimately":[132],"linked":[133],"determined":[135],"by":[136,242],"papers":[139,148,211,232],"authorities":[141],"demanded":[142],"endlessly":[144],"supplied.":[145],"Ironically,":[146],"these":[147],"gave":[151],"birth":[152],"two":[154],"uncanny":[155],"doppelgangers":[156],"procedures:":[160],"spy":[162],"who":[163,173,253],"craftily":[164],"forged":[165],"official":[166],"documents":[167],"passports,":[169],"impostor":[172],"dissimulated":[174],"mimed":[176],"any":[177],"he":[179],"so":[180],"desired.":[181],"Through":[182],"careful":[183],"research":[184],"powerful":[186],"narrative,":[187],"recounts":[189],"complicated":[191],"bizarre":[193],"stories":[194],"many":[197],"ways":[198],"which":[200],"identities":[201],"stolen,":[203],"doubled.":[206],"argues":[208],"cannot":[212],"be":[213],"interpreted":[214],"literally":[215],"pure":[217],"simple":[219],"documents.":[220],"They":[221],"themselves":[223],"pieces":[224],"history,":[226],"histories":[227],"individuality,":[231],"both":[234],"document":[235],"transform":[237],"owner's":[239],"identity--whether":[240],"carried":[241],"Renaissance":[243],"vagrants":[244],"gypsies":[246],"or":[247],"illegal":[249],"immigrants":[250],"today":[252],"remain":[254],"sans":[255],"papier,":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}