{"id":"https://openalex.org/W615990491","doi":null,"title":"Hoping or discounting the future : a new perspective on the transmission of HIV/AIDS","display_name":"Hoping or discounting the future : a new perspective on the transmission of HIV/AIDS","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W615990491","mag":"615990491"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:unu:wpaper:dp2008-08","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/dp2008-08.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/dp2008-08.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/84662","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036822409","display_name":"Tony Barnett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9399-9607","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9399-9607","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1376-6414"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tony Barnett","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9399-9607","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036822409"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9160000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9160000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14334","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses","score":0.030700000002980232,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.03020000085234642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-aids-transmission","display_name":"HIV/AIDS transmission","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hope","display_name":"hope","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-prevention-policy","display_name":"HIV prevention policy","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rational-choice-theory","display_name":"rational choice theory","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structuralism","display_name":"structuralism","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-policy-debate","display_name":"public policy debate","score":0.5400000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6177178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10998070","display_name":"Discounting","level":2,"score":0.7365443706512451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6750016212463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.6654001474380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.4908350110054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4598700702190399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.43429797887802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4093252420425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.39512255787849426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3645099997520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3543913960456848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3289012908935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.22350099682807922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.19044449925422668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.13116082549095154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.10348144173622131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09649357199668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:unu:wpaper:dp2008-08","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/dp2008-08.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/dp2008-08.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/84662","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/84662","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/84662","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:collections.unu.edu:UNU:4315","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://collections.unu.edu/view/UNU:4315","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401912","display_name":"UNU Collections (United Nations University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210148429","host_organization_name":"United Nations University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148429"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:615990491","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/84662/1/659521474.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/84662","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/84662","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/84662","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307875","display_name":"Styrelsen f\u00f6r Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete","ror":"https://ror.org/01fn7me06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321637","display_name":"Department for International Development","ror":"https://ror.org/05rf29967"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333317","display_name":"United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/015y1mx47"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W615990491.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W615990491.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W189427364","https://openalex.org/W1535803599","https://openalex.org/W1762082768","https://openalex.org/W1996989406","https://openalex.org/W2009539783","https://openalex.org/W2022017568","https://openalex.org/W2055155284","https://openalex.org/W2058376965","https://openalex.org/W2063453736","https://openalex.org/W2065102464","https://openalex.org/W2066233474","https://openalex.org/W2076454843","https://openalex.org/W2088933904","https://openalex.org/W2110673888","https://openalex.org/W2111628008","https://openalex.org/W2117849779","https://openalex.org/W2120986885","https://openalex.org/W2124103550","https://openalex.org/W2138974644","https://openalex.org/W2144379756","https://openalex.org/W2147434822","https://openalex.org/W2152073788","https://openalex.org/W2153656501","https://openalex.org/W2159442545","https://openalex.org/W2159471471","https://openalex.org/W2334860476","https://openalex.org/W2487320197"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2553614813","https://openalex.org/W2149265884","https://openalex.org/W2768868775","https://openalex.org/W2147398864","https://openalex.org/W1972287638","https://openalex.org/W2080965739","https://openalex.org/W7095156313","https://openalex.org/W2592389586","https://openalex.org/W4212875394","https://openalex.org/W2737230699"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Public":[0],"policy":[1,40,101,125],"debates,":[2],"about":[3],"HIV":[4],"and":[5,22,41,98,107,120,147,169,182],"prevention":[6],"policy,":[7],"have":[8],"tended":[9],"to":[10,52,134,153,162,179,193,198,207,210],"occupy":[11],"one":[12],"of":[13,32,57,62,72,76,82,86,129,202],"two":[14],"extreme":[15],"positions":[16],"derived":[17],"from":[18],"either":[19],"rational":[20,163],"choice":[21],"or":[23],"structuralists":[24],"theories.":[25],"This":[26],"paper":[27],"argues":[28],"that":[29,61,139],"the":[30,54,73,115,118,124],"concept":[31,56,85],"hope":[33,87,130,168],"may":[34,66],"offer":[35,199],"a":[36,90],"way":[37,92],"through":[38],"this":[39,203],"paradigmatic":[42],"log-jam.":[43],"Hope":[44],"is":[45,105,142,152,165,205],"an":[46,83,132],"individually":[47],"measurable":[48],"concept,":[49],"which":[50,144],"serves":[51],"link":[53],"ecological":[55],"risk":[58],"environment":[59],"with":[60],"individual":[63,116,157],"choices.":[64],"It":[65],"be":[67,154,180],"extended":[68],"into":[69],"broader":[70],"understandings":[71],"social":[74],"epidemiology":[75],"some":[77],"other":[78,148,183],"infectious":[79],"diseases.":[80],"Use":[81],"operationalized":[84],"also":[88,197],"offers":[89],"possible":[91],"forward":[93],"for":[94],"rapid":[95],"community":[96],"diagnosis":[97],"participation":[99],"in":[100,123,160],"development,":[102],"because":[103],"it":[104,151],"immediately":[106],"intuitively":[108],"accessible":[109],"at":[110],"three":[111],"often":[112],"separated":[113],"levels:":[114],"actor,":[117],"researcher":[119],"those":[121],"acting":[122],"arena.":[126],"The":[127],"power":[128],"as":[131,187],"addition":[133],"our":[135],"analytical":[136],"armoury":[137],"suggests":[138],"where":[140],"there":[141],"hope,":[143],"requires":[145],"structures":[146],"resources":[149,170],"if":[150],"effective,":[155],"then":[156],"behaviour":[158,173],"change":[159,174],"response":[161],"argument":[164],"possible.":[166],"Where":[167],"are":[171,176,189],"absent,":[172],"messages":[175],"less":[177],"likely":[178,206],"effective":[181],"structural":[184],"interventions,":[185],"such":[186],"micro-finance,":[188],"found":[190],"not":[191],"only":[192],"provide":[194],"income":[195],"but":[196],"hope.":[200],"Incorporation":[201],"variable":[204],"strengthen":[208],"efforts":[209],"achieve":[211],"behavioural":[212],"change.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}