{"id":"https://openalex.org/W61437326","doi":null,"title":"Artificial agents - personhood in law and philosophy","display_name":"Artificial agents - personhood in law and philosophy","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W61437326","mag":"61437326"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:61437326","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.sci.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~schopra/agentlawsub.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306418308","display_name":"European Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038475174","display_name":"Samir Chopra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174216632","display_name":"City University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/00453a208","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174216632"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83041322","display_name":"Brooklyn College","ror":"https://ror.org/019k4jq75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83041322"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samir Chopra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept of Computer and Information Science, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Computer and Information Science, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174216632","https://openalex.org/I83041322"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Laurence White","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8299-2167","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8299-2167"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I922225618","display_name":"Financial Services Authority","ror":"https://ror.org/00dtg9r68","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I922225618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laurence White","raw_affiliation_strings":["Financial Services Authority, London"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8299-2167","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Financial Services Authority, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I922225618"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":22.0938,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98972462,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"635","last_page":"639"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14036","display_name":"Literary and Philosophical Studies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14036","display_name":"Literary and Philosophical Studies","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-agents","display_name":"artificial agents","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-personality","display_name":"legal personality","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-mind","display_name":"theory of mind","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-law","display_name":"artificial intelligence law","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-status-of-artificial-intelligence","display_name":"legal status of AI","score":0.6240000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548836952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7170675","display_name":"Personhood","level":2,"score":0.9664086103439331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.5100820660591125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4702652394771576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4295441210269928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.4280491769313812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.40892136096954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35454896092414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3475611209869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33483219146728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2377471625804901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.17164495587348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.16896739602088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1514972448348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:61437326","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.sci.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~schopra/agentlawsub.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306418308","display_name":"European Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6601999998092651}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8100000023841858}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28142103","https://openalex.org/W85603860","https://openalex.org/W315586105","https://openalex.org/W1510877324","https://openalex.org/W1584925641","https://openalex.org/W2018528947","https://openalex.org/W2397253692","https://openalex.org/W2914019037"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3159274544","https://openalex.org/W4414913326","https://openalex.org/W1952521552","https://openalex.org/W653546271","https://openalex.org/W7160769928","https://openalex.org/W3112807872","https://openalex.org/W6939552006","https://openalex.org/W67932105","https://openalex.org/W6991954323","https://openalex.org/W4315632048"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thinking":[0],"about":[1,29],"how":[2],"the":[3,48,57,62,96,118],"law":[4],"might":[5],"decide":[6],"whether":[7],"to":[8,12,78,87,111,114],"extend":[9],"legal":[10,27,45,83,104],"personhood":[11,30],"artificial":[13,32,51,67,80,101],"agents":[14,33,81,102],"provides":[15],"a":[16,139],"valuable":[17],"test-bed":[18],"for":[19,31,89,98],"philosophical":[20,25,144],"theories":[21],"of":[22,47,50,120,128,142],"mind.":[23],"Further,":[24],"and":[26,130,145],"theorising":[28],"can":[34],"be":[35],"mutually":[36],"informing.":[37],"We":[38,69,116],"investigate":[39,117],"two":[40],"case":[41],"studies,":[42],"drawing":[43],"on":[44],"discussions":[46],"status":[49],"agents.":[52,68],"The":[53,92],"first":[54],"looks":[55,94],"at":[56,95],"doctrinal":[58],"difficulties":[59],"presented":[60],"by":[61,66],"contracts":[63],"entered":[64],"into":[65],"conclude":[70,131],"that":[71,122,132],"it":[72],"is":[73],"not":[74],"necessary":[75],"or":[76],"desirable":[77],"postulate":[79],"as":[82,126],"persons":[84],"in":[85],"order":[86],"account":[88],"such":[90],"contracts.":[91],"second":[93],"potential":[97],"according":[99],"sophisticated":[100],"with":[103,106],"personality":[105],"attendant":[107],"constitutional":[108],"protections":[109],"similar":[110],"those":[112],"accorded":[113],"humans.":[115],"validity":[119],"attributes":[121],"have":[123],"been":[124],"suggested":[125],"pointers":[127],"person-hood,":[129],"they":[133],"will":[134],"take":[135],"their":[136],"place":[137],"within":[138],"broader":[140],"matrix":[141],"pragmatic,":[143],"extra-legal":[146],"concepts.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}