{"id":"https://openalex.org/W61436269","doi":null,"title":"The structure of mononuclear phagocytes differentiating in vivo. I. Sequential fine and histologic studies of the effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG).","display_name":"The structure of mononuclear phagocytes differentiating in vivo. I. Sequential fine and histologic studies of the effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG).","publication_year":1974,"publication_date":"1974-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W61436269","mag":"61436269","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4601921","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1910742"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1910742","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1910742","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Pathol","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1910742","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051795331","display_name":"Dolph O. Adams","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D O Adams","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051795331"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.8279,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":143,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98461538,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"76","issue":"1","first_page":"17","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.739300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.739300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11313","display_name":"Immune cells in cancer","score":0.11940000206232071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13410","display_name":"Immune responses and vaccinations","score":0.04309999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epithelioid-granulomas","display_name":"epithelioid granulomas","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granulomatous-inflammation","display_name":"granulomatous inflammation","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bcg","display_name":"BCG","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophage-development","display_name":"macrophage development","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monocytes","display_name":"monocytes","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-ultrastructure","display_name":"cell ultrastructure","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-vivo-differentiation","display_name":"in vivo differentiation","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guinea-pig","display_name":"guinea pig","score":0.7070000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118441373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1347440","display_name":"Epithelioid cell","level":3,"score":0.7919193506240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6953762173652649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780140890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129338","display_name":"Granuloma","level":2,"score":0.5688782930374146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.5396201014518738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.5384379029273987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19702531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929966","display_name":"Mononuclear phagocyte system","level":2,"score":0.47863641381263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777700362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107647","display_name":"Phagocyte","level":3,"score":0.44531068205833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190062978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79899","display_name":"Cytoplasm","level":2,"score":0.41819053888320923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148738053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210861","display_name":"Cellular differentiation","level":3,"score":0.4178304672241211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137061746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736033","display_name":"Peripheral blood mononuclear cell","level":3,"score":0.4118972420692444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160448771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184726","display_name":"Phagocytosis","level":2,"score":0.39166200160980225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.36317455768585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3407197594642639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.23882365226745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11449885368347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204232928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899285","display_name":"Immunohistochemistry","level":2,"score":0.06637170910835266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002454","descriptor_name":"Cell Differentiation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002466","descriptor_name":"Cell Nucleolus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002467","descriptor_name":"Cell Nucleus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002843","descriptor_name":"Chromatin","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003593","descriptor_name":"Cytoplasm","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004721","descriptor_name":"Endoplasmic Reticulum","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004847","descriptor_name":"Epithelial Cells","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006056","descriptor_name":"Golgi Apparatus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006099","descriptor_name":"Granuloma","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006168","descriptor_name":"Guinea Pigs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007365","descriptor_name":"Intercellular Junctions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008247","descriptor_name":"Lysosomes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008854","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Electron","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009000","descriptor_name":"Monocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009163","descriptor_name":"Mycobacterium bovis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010586","descriptor_name":"Phagocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010587","descriptor_name":"Phagocytosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014382","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis, Cutaneous","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014382","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis, Cutaneous","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1910742","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1910742","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Pathol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:4601921","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4601921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of pathology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:61436269","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4601921","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1910742","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1910742","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Pathol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8905414","https://openalex.org/W120153022","https://openalex.org/W129767182","https://openalex.org/W149978413","https://openalex.org/W151545545","https://openalex.org/W181164051","https://openalex.org/W346508564","https://openalex.org/W944285175","https://openalex.org/W1409865166","https://openalex.org/W1593571274","https://openalex.org/W1595812015","https://openalex.org/W1598780068","https://openalex.org/W1809642810","https://openalex.org/W1856890084","https://openalex.org/W1874823366","https://openalex.org/W1881188524","https://openalex.org/W1986637333","https://openalex.org/W1989139377","https://openalex.org/W1994231991","https://openalex.org/W1995260125","https://openalex.org/W1998271261","https://openalex.org/W2003388791","https://openalex.org/W2013340592","https://openalex.org/W2022866435","https://openalex.org/W2027472039","https://openalex.org/W2035622599","https://openalex.org/W2038449110","https://openalex.org/W2040427634","https://openalex.org/W2059428113","https://openalex.org/W2067184583","https://openalex.org/W2074968230","https://openalex.org/W2080662328","https://openalex.org/W2089669967","https://openalex.org/W2095356331","https://openalex.org/W2140020076","https://openalex.org/W2207722442","https://openalex.org/W2230778964","https://openalex.org/W2278541950","https://openalex.org/W2406715780","https://openalex.org/W2410923453","https://openalex.org/W2412396368","https://openalex.org/W2415398419","https://openalex.org/W2416548596","https://openalex.org/W2417364783","https://openalex.org/W2417441042","https://openalex.org/W2423393881","https://openalex.org/W2438059595","https://openalex.org/W2438739420","https://openalex.org/W2461785162","https://openalex.org/W2469470045","https://openalex.org/W2470508583"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058702750","https://openalex.org/W2035605784","https://openalex.org/W2057741654","https://openalex.org/W2121389023","https://openalex.org/W1968184030","https://openalex.org/W2055599080","https://openalex.org/W3021745352","https://openalex.org/W2411031090","https://openalex.org/W2140020076","https://openalex.org/W85683813"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"the":[1,37,52,73,81,181,188],"differentiation":[2,13,31,177,189],"of":[3,21,40,54,180,190,203],"mononuclear":[4,182],"phagocytes":[5],"is":[6,14],"fundamental":[7],"to":[8,28,139],"their":[9,12,162],"multifarious":[10],"activities,":[11],"incompletely":[15],"understood-particularly":[16],"in":[17,32,127,178,193],"vivo.":[18,33],"The":[19,97,125,184],"development":[20,163],"an":[22],"epithelioid":[23,42,58,95,141,165],"granuloma":[24],"may":[25,168],"be":[26,169],"hypothesized":[27],"represent":[29],"such":[30,208],"To":[34],"test":[35],"this,":[36],"sequential":[38],"ultrastructure":[39],"developing":[41],"granulomas":[43,90],"was":[44,62],"examined.":[45],"Viable":[46],"bacilli":[47],"Calmette-Guerin":[48],"(BCG)":[49],"injected":[50],"into":[51,94,164,171],"subcutaneum":[53],"guinea":[55],"pigs":[56],"produced":[57],"granulomatous":[59,204],"inflammation,":[60],"which":[61,91,167],"sampled":[63],"for":[64],"light":[65],"and":[66,83,87,118,122,132,152,195],"electron":[67],"microscopy":[68],"on":[69],"alternate":[70],"days":[71],"until":[72],"33rd":[74],"day":[75],"after":[76],"injection.":[77],"Initially,":[78],"monocytes":[79,160],"invaded":[80],"tissues":[82],"then":[84],"coalesced,":[85],"enlarged":[86],"formed":[88],"small":[89],"ultimately":[92],"evolved":[93],"granulomas.":[96],"monocytes,":[98],"ultrastructurally":[99],"very":[100],"simple":[101],"cells,":[102,166],"developed":[103],"increased":[104],"nuclear":[105],"euchromatin,":[106],"prominent":[107,153],"nucleoli,":[108],"extensive":[109],"cytoplasm,":[110],"free":[111],"ribosomes,":[112],"abundant":[113],"Golgi":[114],"profiles,":[115],"many":[116],"mitochondria":[117,151],"numerous":[119,148],"large":[120],"lysosomes":[121],"became":[123,133],"macrophages.":[124],"macrophages":[126],"turn":[128],"underwent":[129],"further":[130],"enlargement":[131],"closely":[134],"intertwined":[135],"with":[136],"one":[137],"another":[138],"form":[140],"cells-large":[142],"polygonal":[143],"macrophages,":[144],"containing":[145],"euchromatic":[146],"nuclei,":[147],"lysosomes,":[149],"plentiful":[150],"synthetic":[154],"apparatus.":[155],"These":[156],"changes":[157],"undergone":[158],"by":[159],"during":[161],"divided":[170],"five":[172],"stages,":[173],"are":[174],"interpreted":[175],"as":[176],"vivo":[179,194],"phagocytes.":[183],"observations":[185],"demonstrate":[186],"directly":[187],"these":[191],"cells":[192],"suggest":[196],"some,":[197],"if":[198],"not":[199],"all,":[200],"characteristic":[201],"features":[202],"inflammation":[205],"result":[206],"from":[207],"differentiation.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}