{"id":"https://openalex.org/W61313713","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9729-6_10","title":"Natural or Artificial Systems?","display_name":"Natural or Artificial Systems?","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W61313713","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9729-6_10","mag":"61313713"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-94-015-9729-6_10","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9729-6_10","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9729-6_10","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463937","display_name":"Springer eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Between Leibniz, Newton, and Kant","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2500128612","display_name":"Between Leibniz, Newton, and Kant"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023333371","display_name":"Wolfgang Lef\u00e8vre","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142348","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for the History of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0492sjc74","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210142348"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Lef\u00e8vre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142348"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023333371"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142348"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.018107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"191","last_page":"209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12471","display_name":"History of Science and Natural History","score":0.7890999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12471","display_name":"History of Science and Natural History","score":0.7890999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.15760000050067902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11137","display_name":"Historical Philosophy and Science","score":0.014499999582767487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-classification","display_name":"natural classification","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/18th-century-naturalists","display_name":"18th-century naturalists","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linnaeus","display_name":"Carl Linnaeus","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jean-baptiste-lamarck","display_name":"Jean-Baptiste Lamarck","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-taxonomy","display_name":"taxonomic history","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematics","display_name":"systematics","score":0.9589999914169312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.593795120716095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5192759037017822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41806617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516404","display_name":"Systematics","level":3,"score":0.4718453884124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.46931692957878113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4473320245742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163276114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484591","display_name":"Natural history","level":2,"score":0.41819772124290466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.4165312349796295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.4115108251571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.37909236550331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.34040015935897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.3203580975532532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3020763397216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.21231988072395325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.16930580139160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11745584011077881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.08200851082801819}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-94-015-9729-6_10","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9729-6_10","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9729-6_10","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463937","display_name":"Springer eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Between Leibniz, Newton, and Kant","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W289170241","https://openalex.org/W397400090","https://openalex.org/W565817152","https://openalex.org/W568650792","https://openalex.org/W575870582","https://openalex.org/W587240861","https://openalex.org/W600792544","https://openalex.org/W606467876","https://openalex.org/W609367008","https://openalex.org/W622197334","https://openalex.org/W1479909155","https://openalex.org/W1488111828","https://openalex.org/W1490279671","https://openalex.org/W1494982504","https://openalex.org/W1516025520","https://openalex.org/W1546709247","https://openalex.org/W1553550210","https://openalex.org/W1557844368","https://openalex.org/W1567626867","https://openalex.org/W1825832046","https://openalex.org/W1875628184","https://openalex.org/W1969883586","https://openalex.org/W1971766865","https://openalex.org/W2025728275","https://openalex.org/W2038577998","https://openalex.org/W2049404568","https://openalex.org/W2070291908","https://openalex.org/W2070880616","https://openalex.org/W2075879981","https://openalex.org/W2097069512","https://openalex.org/W2201605478","https://openalex.org/W2314339212","https://openalex.org/W2323657397","https://openalex.org/W2492858996","https://openalex.org/W2526130449","https://openalex.org/W2566915644","https://openalex.org/W2609144473","https://openalex.org/W2901964122","https://openalex.org/W3028079887","https://openalex.org/W3036820674","https://openalex.org/W3049407013","https://openalex.org/W3131012702","https://openalex.org/W4233787199","https://openalex.org/W4240399711","https://openalex.org/W4243963613","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4301873938","https://openalex.org/W6606560980","https://openalex.org/W6610474372","https://openalex.org/W6721383532","https://openalex.org/W7000660374","https://openalex.org/W7015999106","https://openalex.org/W7037591373","https://openalex.org/W7062629965"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385883735","https://openalex.org/W1991929814","https://openalex.org/W2326211288","https://openalex.org/W4241367937","https://openalex.org/W2116358447","https://openalex.org/W4255677567","https://openalex.org/W4403898263","https://openalex.org/W1038130821","https://openalex.org/W2484937725","https://openalex.org/W6982375793"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}