{"id":"https://openalex.org/W613015462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1954.03690220082033","title":"Science, Medicine and History: Essays on the Evolution of Scientific Thought and Medical Practice, Written in Honour of Charles Singer.","display_name":"Science, Medicine and History: Essays on the Evolution of Scientific Thought and Medical Practice, Written in Honour of Charles Singer.","publication_year":1954,"publication_date":"1954-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W613015462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1954.03690220082033","mag":"613015462"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/jama.1954.03690220082033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1954.03690220082033","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1954.03690220082033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172573765","display_name":"JAMA","issn_l":"0002-9955","issn":["0002-9955","0098-7484","1538-3598","2376-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.5581,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96126502,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"155","issue":"4","first_page":"414","last_page":"414"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.7856000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.7856000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12324","display_name":"History of Medicine Studies","score":0.16830000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11137","display_name":"Historical Philosophy and Science","score":0.021400000900030136,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charles-singer","display_name":"Charles Singer","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-science","display_name":"history of science","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-medicine","display_name":"history of medicine","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolution-of-scientific-thought","display_name":"evolution of scientific thought","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-medical-practice","display_name":"history of medical practice","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ancient-science","display_name":"ancient science","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medieval-science","display_name":"medieval science","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renaissance-science","display_name":"Renaissance science","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-modern-science","display_name":"early modern science","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-archaeology","display_name":"history of archaeology","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/egyptian-medicine","display_name":"Egyptian medicine","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrology","display_name":"astrology","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gynecology","display_name":"gynecology","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-anatomy","display_name":"human anatomy","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurology","display_name":"neurology","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"ophthalmology","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"pathology","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytology","display_name":"cytology","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"mathematics","score":0.9890000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780110125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207333","display_name":"Honour","level":2,"score":0.9626832604408264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3960303068161011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3680165708065033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.36518338322639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3274364471435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3244709372520447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23511111736297607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.053811460733413696}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/jama.1954.03690220082033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1954.03690220082033","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1954.03690220082033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172573765","display_name":"JAMA","issn_l":"0002-9955","issn":["0002-9955","0098-7484","1538-3598","2376-8118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Medical Association","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1642827458","https://openalex.org/W2509296353","https://openalex.org/W4246913291","https://openalex.org/W2054851264","https://openalex.org/W1611018956","https://openalex.org/W2039089950","https://openalex.org/W2514057019","https://openalex.org/W4301504813","https://openalex.org/W2045994170","https://openalex.org/W4243146918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"These":[0,67],"volumes":[1,30],"are":[2,7,59,69,141],"for":[3],"the":[4,46,49,57,139],"scholar.":[5],"They":[6],"a":[8,15,98],"compilation":[9,58],"of":[10,24,35,39,48,104,138],"90":[11],"essays":[12],"that":[13,54],"cover":[14],"wide":[16],"range.":[17],"The":[18,52,106,149],"contributors":[19],"were":[20,31],"friends":[21],"or":[22],"pupils":[23],"Prof.":[25],"Charles":[26],"Singer,":[27],"and":[28,91,93,101,135,144],"these":[29],"written":[32],"in":[33,61,142,147],"honor":[34],"him.":[36],"A":[37],"bibliography":[38],"his":[40],"published":[41],"writings":[42],"is":[43,97,146],"included":[44],"at":[45],"end":[47],"second":[50],"volume.":[51],"articles":[53],"make":[55],"up":[56],"arranged":[60],"eight":[62],"books":[63,68],"by":[64],"chronological":[65],"periods.":[66],"entitled":[70],"\"The":[71,74,77,79,82,85,88],"Ancient":[72],"World,\"":[73,76],"Medieval":[75],"Renaissance,\"":[78],"New":[80],"Philosophy,\"":[81],"Insurgent":[83],"Century,\"":[84,87],"Eighteenth":[86],"Nineteenth":[89],"Century":[90],"After,\"":[92],"\"Conspectus":[94],"Generales.\"":[95],"There":[96],"subject":[99],"index":[100,103],"an":[102],"persons.":[105],"scientific":[107],"fields":[108],"covered":[109],"include":[110],"archaeology,":[111],"early":[112],"Chinese":[113],"science,":[114],"Egyptian":[115],"medicine,":[116],"astrology,":[117],"astronomy,":[118],"gynecology,":[119],"anatomy,":[120],"botany,":[121],"neurology,":[122],"psychiatry,":[123],"ophthalmology,":[124],"chemistry,":[125],"anthropology,":[126],"zoology,":[127],"geography,":[128],"pathology,":[129],"cytology,":[130],"surgery,":[131],"mathematics,":[132],"physiology,":[133],"cardiology,":[134],"others.":[136],"Four":[137],"papers":[140],"French,":[143],"one":[145],"Italian.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-12T09:15:50.089291","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}