{"id":"https://openalex.org/W61226128","doi":null,"title":"Does antiretroviral treatment reduce case fatality among HIV-positive patients with tuberculosis in Malawi?","display_name":"Does antiretroviral treatment reduce case fatality among HIV-positive patients with tuberculosis in Malawi?","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W61226128","mag":"61226128","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17705949"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:17705949","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17705949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10144/21114","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089894145","display_name":"Rony Zachariah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-9328","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2915-9328"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122424","display_name":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res\u200e","ror":"https://ror.org/02r5m5t30","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122424","https://openalex.org/I4210128224"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129271","display_name":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res","ror":"https://ror.org/03rfn9b75","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128224","https://openalex.org/I4210129271"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141672","display_name":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res","ror":"https://ror.org/041qyrj45","country_code":"LU","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128224","https://openalex.org/I4210141672"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164708","display_name":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res","ror":"https://ror.org/0506t0t42","country_code":"FR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128224","https://openalex.org/I4210164708"]}],"countries":["BE","FR","GB","LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Zachariah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Department (Operational Research), M\u00e9decins sans Fronti\u00e8res, Brussels Operational Centre, Luxembourg. zachariah@internet.lu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Department (Operational Research), M\u00e9decins sans Fronti\u00e8res, Brussels Operational Centre, Luxembourg. zachariah@internet.lu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122424","https://openalex.org/I4210129271","https://openalex.org/I4210141672","https://openalex.org/I4210164708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089205213","display_name":"Margaret G. Fitzgerald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-0966","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-0966"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Fitzgerald","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005504323","display_name":"Moses B. F. Massaquoi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6732-5422","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6732-5422"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Massaquoi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020850169","display_name":"A Acabu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Acabu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020412699","display_name":"D Chilomo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D Chilomo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111413360","display_name":"Felix M. L. Salaniponi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F M L Salaniponi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086741205","display_name":"Anthony David Harries","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6113-9741","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6113-9741"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A D Harries","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7978,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89250332,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"8","first_page":"848","last_page":"53"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.02419999986886978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11381","display_name":"Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis","score":0.00989999994635582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-tb-co-infection","display_name":"HIV/TB coinfection","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiretroviral-therapy","display_name":"antiretroviral therapy","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis-treatment","display_name":"tuberculosis treatment","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malawi","display_name":"Malawi","score":0.5}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9554826021194458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187316915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92307203","display_name":"Case fatality rate","level":3,"score":0.8613540530204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.8384427428245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5647467374801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.5386433601379395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.5174437165260315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.512500524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5091294646263123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.4969988167285919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88879693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217690","display_name":"Cumulative incidence","level":3,"score":0.46959200501441956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.43725576996803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.42417973279953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.34314393997192383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.24943742156028748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.136196106672287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.12652871012687683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.050457537174224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000995","descriptor_name":"Antitubercular Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006679","descriptor_name":"HIV Seropositivity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008295","descriptor_name":"Malawi","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014376","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:17705949","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17705949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk:8960","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/8960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402527","display_name":"LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","host_organization_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fieldresearch.msf.org:10144/21114","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10144/21114","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10144/21114","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402090","display_name":"Medecins Sans Frontieres Field Research (Medecins Sans Frontieres)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210128224","host_organization_name":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128224"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:fieldresearch.msf.org:10144/19396","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10144/19396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402090","display_name":"Medecins Sans Frontieres Field Research (Medecins Sans Frontieres)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210128224","host_organization_name":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128224"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:61226128","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17705949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:fieldresearch.msf.org:10144/21114","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10144/21114","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10144/21114","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402090","display_name":"Medecins Sans Frontieres Field Research (Medecins Sans Frontieres)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210128224","host_organization_name":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128224"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W61226128.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W61226128.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W164285020","https://openalex.org/W183103350","https://openalex.org/W1536543233","https://openalex.org/W1964622370","https://openalex.org/W2017149875","https://openalex.org/W2017793579","https://openalex.org/W2032843404","https://openalex.org/W2035322512","https://openalex.org/W2062279016","https://openalex.org/W2075894434","https://openalex.org/W2079716870","https://openalex.org/W2099509337","https://openalex.org/W2100903034","https://openalex.org/W2127830479","https://openalex.org/W2143140747","https://openalex.org/W2159077913","https://openalex.org/W2422463776"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065492538","https://openalex.org/W140646141","https://openalex.org/W7096948141","https://openalex.org/W2121150769","https://openalex.org/W2037513501","https://openalex.org/W2901621287","https://openalex.org/W2417721962","https://openalex.org/W1489403225","https://openalex.org/W2116547248","https://openalex.org/W243140760"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"SETTING:":[0],"Thyolo":[1],"district,":[2],"Malawi.":[3],"OBJECTIVES:":[4],"To":[5],"report":[6],"on":[7,21,133,147,184],"1)":[8],"case":[9,39,186,197],"fatality":[10,198],"among":[11],"human":[12],"immunodeficiency":[13],"virus":[14],"(HIV)":[15],"positive":[16],"tuberculosis":[17],"(TB)":[18],"patients":[19,53,66,80,119,146],"while":[20],"anti-tuberculosis":[22,87,125],"treatment":[23,28,37,49,100,177,205],"and":[24,57,152,191],"2)":[25],"whether":[26],"antiretroviral":[27],"(ART)":[29],"initiated":[30],"during":[31,82],"the":[32,83,95,121,172,200],"continuation":[33,122,173],"phase":[34,123,174,202],"of":[35,48,77,86,89,99,116,124,129,175,203],"TB":[36,52,65,118,176,204],"reduces":[38],"fatality.":[40,187],"DESIGN:":[41],"Retrospective":[42],"cohort":[43],"analysis.":[44],"METHODS:":[45],"Comparative":[46],"analysis":[47],"outcomes":[50],"for":[51,145,189],"registered":[54,64],"between":[55],"January":[56],"December":[58],"2004.":[59],"RESULTS:":[60],"Of":[61],"983":[62],"newly":[63],"receiving":[67],"diagnostic":[68],"HIV":[69],"testing,":[70],"658":[71],"(67%)":[72],"were":[73,131],"HIV-positive.":[74],"A":[75,114],"total":[76,115],"132":[78],"(20%)":[79],"died":[81,93],"8-month":[84],"course":[85],"treatment,":[88,126],"whom":[90,130],"82":[91],"(62%)":[92],"within":[94],"first":[96],"2":[97],"months":[98],"when":[101],"ART":[102,148,155,169],"was":[103,141],"not":[104,142,179],"provided":[105,170],"(cumulative":[106],"incidence":[107],"3.0,":[108],"95%CI":[109,150,157,163],"2.5-3.6":[110],"per":[111,138],"100":[112,139],"person-years).":[113],"576":[117],"started":[120,132],"180":[127],"(31%)":[128],"ART.":[134],"The":[135],"case-fatality":[136],"rate":[137],"person-years":[140],"significantly":[143],"different":[144],"(1.0,":[149],"0.6-1.7)":[151],"those":[153],"without":[154],"(1.2,":[156],"0.9-1.7,":[158],"adjusted":[159],"hazard":[160],"ratio":[161],"0.86,":[162],"0.4-1.6,":[164],"P":[165],"=":[166],"0.6)":[167],"CONCLUSIONS:":[168],"in":[171,199],"does":[178],"have":[180],"a":[181],"significant":[182],"impact":[183],"reducing":[185],"Reasons":[188],"this":[190],"possible":[192],"measures":[193],"to":[194],"reduce":[195],"high":[196],"initial":[201],"are":[206],"discussed.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
