{"id":"https://openalex.org/W61024863","doi":null,"title":"Business Model Changes of an Incumbent Player in the European Airline Industry A Case of the Lufthansa Group","display_name":"Business Model Changes of an Incumbent Player in the European Airline Industry A Case of the Lufthansa Group","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W61024863","mag":"61024863"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:61024863","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://essay.utwente.nl/65284/1/Dombrowski%2C%20Julian_BA_Management%20and%20Governance.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088037982","display_name":"Julian Dombrowski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Julian Dombrowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Twente#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Twente#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088037982"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11599","display_name":"Aviation Industry Analysis and Trends","score":0.8393999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11599","display_name":"Aviation Industry Analysis and Trends","score":0.8393999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13151","display_name":"Business Strategies and Innovation","score":0.15719999372959137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lufthansa-group","display_name":"Lufthansa Group","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-model-innovation","display_name":"business model innovation","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incumbent-firms","display_name":"incumbent firms","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-airline-industry","display_name":"European airline industry","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-model-canvas","display_name":"business model canvas","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-cost-carriers","display_name":"low-cost carriers","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airline-restructuring","display_name":"airline restructuring","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro-environmental-factors","display_name":"macro-environmental factors","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-forces","display_name":"competitive forces","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-business-models","display_name":"hybrid business models","score":0.5879999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45237549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376796","display_name":"Restructuring","level":2,"score":0.6829888820648193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6078320741653442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776545233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064858","display_name":"Desk","level":2,"score":0.6075844764709473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4216890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815823","display_name":"Business model","level":2,"score":0.6009403467178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5657861232757568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.47619879245758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.46859660744667053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58546491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150207","display_name":"Competitive advantage","level":2,"score":0.46032965183258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4217476546764374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29442572593688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11502379179000854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.09611958265304565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:61024863","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://essay.utwente.nl/65284/1/Dombrowski%2C%20Julian_BA_Management%20and%20Governance.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56218459","https://openalex.org/W111650437","https://openalex.org/W279724836","https://openalex.org/W294296839","https://openalex.org/W360912841","https://openalex.org/W628208798","https://openalex.org/W756392101","https://openalex.org/W804164856","https://openalex.org/W1700208790","https://openalex.org/W1947085615","https://openalex.org/W1954268216","https://openalex.org/W1963492545","https://openalex.org/W1963764248","https://openalex.org/W1978456630","https://openalex.org/W1993910593","https://openalex.org/W2008128519","https://openalex.org/W2011893433","https://openalex.org/W2029077415","https://openalex.org/W2034743467","https://openalex.org/W2037198999","https://openalex.org/W2041711461","https://openalex.org/W2049318638","https://openalex.org/W2050501360","https://openalex.org/W2060621591","https://openalex.org/W2078745423","https://openalex.org/W2082665979","https://openalex.org/W2086717419","https://openalex.org/W2087679804","https://openalex.org/W2101729380","https://openalex.org/W2113564211","https://openalex.org/W2116491774","https://openalex.org/W2127263699","https://openalex.org/W2131490746","https://openalex.org/W2133623648","https://openalex.org/W2139015071","https://openalex.org/W2140699752","https://openalex.org/W2141647475","https://openalex.org/W2143554521","https://openalex.org/W2145526289","https://openalex.org/W2152604313","https://openalex.org/W2160121850","https://openalex.org/W2164144612","https://openalex.org/W2164314939","https://openalex.org/W2166737518","https://openalex.org/W2262309301","https://openalex.org/W2436292419","https://openalex.org/W2503974448","https://openalex.org/W2761460814","https://openalex.org/W3121193739"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060621591","https://openalex.org/W4239296298","https://openalex.org/W3080222407","https://openalex.org/W7207495998","https://openalex.org/W6991980594","https://openalex.org/W7199218494","https://openalex.org/W7199113574","https://openalex.org/W2183257651","https://openalex.org/W4382896763","https://openalex.org/W2900604556"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,95,189],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,24,54,81,116,158,180,185,218,220,237,245,258,272],"this":[3,238],"paper":[4],"is":[5,192],"to":[6,19,132,195,200],"investigate":[7],"in":[8,29,91,150,161,169,249,263],"how":[9],"far":[10],"influencing":[11],"environmental":[12],"factors":[13],"have":[14,88,99,141],"caused":[15,89,143],"developments":[16,71],"and":[17,83,97,113,147],"adaptions":[18,131],"a":[20,34,52,103,183,243,269],"dominant":[21],"incumbent":[22],"player":[23],"the":[25,30,40,58,92,120,124,136,151,162,177,186,193,201,209,221,226,230,235,246,254,268],"European":[26,163],"airline":[27,46,274],"industry":[28],"last":[31,137,178],"decade.":[32],"\r\nAs":[33],"representative":[35],"for":[36],"these":[37,70],"various":[38],"incumbents":[39],"Lufthansa":[41,47,125],"Group":[42,126],"with":[43,229],"its":[44,133],"flagship":[45],"has":[48,173],"been":[49,100,142],"chosen":[50],"as":[51,153,155],"unit":[53],"analysis.":[55],"Developments":[56],"within":[57,176],"group":[59,187],"were":[60,72],"analyzed":[61],"by":[62,144,156],"using":[63],"Osterwalder\u2019s":[64],"business":[65,171,223,261],"model":[66,172,224,248],"canvas":[67],"framework.":[68],"Subsequently,":[69],"not":[73],"only":[74],"reported":[75],"but":[76],"also":[77],"put":[78],"into":[79],"context":[80],"macro-environmental":[82],"competitive":[84],"forces":[85,149],"that":[86,123,139,253],"may":[87,140,241,266],"them":[90],"first":[93],"place.":[94],"data":[96],"information":[98],"gathered":[101],"via":[102],"desk":[104],"research":[105,121],"approach,":[106],"analyzing":[107],"majorly":[108,128],"annual":[109],"reports,":[110],"press":[111],"releases":[112],"newspaper":[114],"articles":[115],"influential":[117],"papers.\r\nResults":[118],"from":[119],"indicate":[122,267],"made":[127],"small-scale,":[129],"incremental":[130],"practices":[134],"over":[135],"decade":[138],"social,":[145],"economical":[146],"technological":[148],"macro-environment,":[152],"well":[154],"competition":[157],"low-cost":[159,202,247],"entrants":[160],"short-haul":[164,198,227,250],"market.":[165,212],"A":[166],"drastic":[167],"revolution":[168],"their":[170],"just":[174],"emerged":[175],"couple":[179],"years,":[181],"when":[182],"restructuring":[184],"started.":[188],"key":[190],"development,":[191],"decision":[194],"move":[196],"most":[197],"operations":[199],"subsidiary":[203],"Germanwings,":[204],"having":[205],"Lufthansa\u2019s":[206],"focus":[207],"on":[208,225,234],"medium-and":[210],"long-haul":[211],"This":[213],"finding":[214],"indicates":[215],"some":[216],"sort":[217],"convergence":[219],"incumbent\u2019s":[222],"segment":[228],"new-entrants":[231],"approach.":[232],"Depending":[233],"success":[236],"move,":[239],"it":[240],"imply":[242],"superiority":[244],"markets,":[251],"so":[252],"new":[255],"hybrid":[256],"approach":[257],"operating":[259],"different":[260],"models":[262],"separate":[264],"markets":[265],"future":[270],"alternative":[271],"international":[273],"groups.":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
