{"id":"https://openalex.org/W61015546","doi":null,"title":"Histological assessment of cartilage repair: a report by the Histology Endpoint Committee of the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS).","display_name":"Histological assessment of cartilage repair: a report by the Histology Endpoint Committee of the International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS).","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W61015546","mag":"61015546","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12721345"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12721345","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12721345","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume","raw_type":"Guideline"},"volume":null,"type":"other","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026469138","display_name":"Pierre Mainil\u2010Varlet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8519-8324","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8519-8324"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Mainil-Varlet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland. pierre.mainil@pathology.unibe.ch"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland. pierre.mainil@pathology.unibe.ch","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108471092","display_name":"Thomas G Aigner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Aigner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076779573","display_name":"Mats Brittberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2399-5314","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2399-5314"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mats Brittberg","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109321890","display_name":"Peter G. Bullough","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Bullough","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005826314","display_name":"Anthony P. Hollander","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2897-3747","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2897-3747"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Hollander","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026111008","display_name":"Ernst B. Hunziker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4912-3568","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4912-3568"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ernst Hunziker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060444850","display_name":"Rita A. Kandel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4047-3913","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4047-3913"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rita Kandel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005484603","display_name":"Stefan Nehrer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-2226","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8008-2226"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan Nehrer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071267210","display_name":"Kenneth P. H. Pritzker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-5009","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-5009"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Pritzker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075343073","display_name":"Sally Roberts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1835-327X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1835-327X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sally Roberts","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001875009","display_name":"Edouard Stauffer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edouard Stauffer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":547,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"85-A Suppl 2","issue":null,"first_page":"45","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10105","display_name":"Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10105","display_name":"Osteoarthritis Treatment and Mechanisms","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11570","display_name":"Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12264","display_name":"Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/articular-cartilage-repair","display_name":"articular cartilage repair","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartilage-histology","display_name":"cartilage histology","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chondrocytes","display_name":"chondrocytes","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extracellular-matrix","display_name":"extracellular matrix","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-ii-collagen","display_name":"type II collagen","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proteoglycans","display_name":"proteoglycans","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartilage-zones","display_name":"cartilage zones","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartilage-regeneration","display_name":"cartilage regeneration","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scar-formation","display_name":"scar formation","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartilage-damage","display_name":"cartilage damage","score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histological-evaluation","display_name":"histological evaluation","score":0.4659999907016754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780550940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502730","display_name":"Cartilage","level":2,"score":0.7650654315948486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171056886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193119","display_name":"Regeneration (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5695515275001526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781218938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2192944","display_name":"Fibrocartilage","level":5,"score":0.559083878993988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189165786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193825","display_name":"Extracellular matrix","level":2,"score":0.5551252961158752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518705261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25615","display_name":"Connective tissue","level":2,"score":0.5184868574142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.5118957757949829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780024818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2014564","display_name":"Hyaline cartilage","level":5,"score":0.5020885467529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780105995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232358","display_name":"Tendon","level":2,"score":0.48690712451934814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25515809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663949","display_name":"Perichondrium","level":3,"score":0.4506516456604004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776164576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62736","display_name":"Osteoarthritis","level":3,"score":0.42827799916267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3864988386631012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020332539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2014564","display_name":"Articular cartilage","level":4,"score":0.36685818433761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.3590693473815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.35625022649765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.25994986295700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2052011787891388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001706","descriptor_name":"Biopsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002358","descriptor_name":"Cartilage, Articular","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002358","descriptor_name":"Cartilage, Articular","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002358","descriptor_name":"Cartilage, Articular","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006652","descriptor_name":"Histological Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010003","descriptor_name":"Osteoarthritis","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010003","descriptor_name":"Osteoarthritis","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012038","descriptor_name":"Regeneration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014945","descriptor_name":"Wound Healing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12721345","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12721345","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume","raw_type":"Guideline"},{"id":"mag:61015546","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12721345","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10001869","https://openalex.org/W44674334","https://openalex.org/W66500601","https://openalex.org/W82203361","https://openalex.org/W1522229466","https://openalex.org/W1695009701","https://openalex.org/W1825470077","https://openalex.org/W1854377083","https://openalex.org/W1902549464","https://openalex.org/W1971734037","https://openalex.org/W1972355498","https://openalex.org/W1974345211","https://openalex.org/W1980114823","https://openalex.org/W1982534962","https://openalex.org/W1988592246","https://openalex.org/W1990658941","https://openalex.org/W2010723436","https://openalex.org/W2013832220","https://openalex.org/W2015423555","https://openalex.org/W2015832973","https://openalex.org/W2022512156","https://openalex.org/W2026458998","https://openalex.org/W2034937637","https://openalex.org/W2039488563","https://openalex.org/W2048273759","https://openalex.org/W2055570168","https://openalex.org/W2057311314","https://openalex.org/W2065766602","https://openalex.org/W2066928049","https://openalex.org/W2067649807","https://openalex.org/W2077008849","https://openalex.org/W2100128777","https://openalex.org/W2109795518","https://openalex.org/W2113237549","https://openalex.org/W2116947669","https://openalex.org/W2118558682","https://openalex.org/W2131147498","https://openalex.org/W2133520999","https://openalex.org/W2140026574","https://openalex.org/W2281729249","https://openalex.org/W2283732805","https://openalex.org/W2330224002","https://openalex.org/W2332526426","https://openalex.org/W2415869338","https://openalex.org/W2911917889","https://openalex.org/W3145833184","https://openalex.org/W4242639664"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W132705570","https://openalex.org/W2619335220","https://openalex.org/W65510981","https://openalex.org/W2420015443","https://openalex.org/W3159425018","https://openalex.org/W1957489746","https://openalex.org/W4389496411","https://openalex.org/W2240954785","https://openalex.org/W2145590549","https://openalex.org/W192685294"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physical":[0],"injury":[1,38],"frequently":[2],"causes":[3],"tissue":[4,134],"damage,":[5],"including":[6],"laceration.":[7],"Repair":[8],"of":[9,17,65,74,84,121,131,140,146,151,165,175,196,202,224,239],"the":[10,15,37,42,72,82,89,119,194,197,200,245,251,256,269,280,285],"damage":[11,43,86],"usually":[12],"results":[13],"in":[14,71,81,155],"formation":[16],"a":[18,48,107,128,147,215,233,261],"scar;":[19],"complete":[20],"anatomic":[21],"healing":[22],"and":[23,33,76,169,179,199,219,268,284],"true":[24],"regeneration":[25],"are":[26,93,191],"rare.\n\nConnective":[27],"tissues":[28],"tend":[29],"to":[30,105,242,273],"heal":[31],"naturally":[32],"successfully":[34],"only":[35,55],"if":[36,56],"is":[39,44,58,102,115,127,144,185,209,248,293],"minor.":[40],"If":[41],"more":[45,262],"severe,":[46],"then":[47],"good":[49],"functional":[50],"result":[51],"can":[52],"be":[53,106],"achieved":[54],"Nature":[57],"assisted":[59],"by":[60,96,118,193,211,237],"surgical":[61],"intervention.":[62],"The":[63,161,206,289],"efficacy":[64],"such":[66],"measures":[67],"has":[68,229],"been":[69,230],"established":[70],"cases":[73],"bone":[75,253],"tendon":[77],"injuries":[78],"but":[79],"not":[80],"case":[83],"cartilage":[85,101,126,184,247],"1.":[87],"In":[88,111,255],"latter":[90,162],"situation,":[91],"we":[92],"still":[94],"prejudiced":[95],"Hippocrates'":[97],"opinion":[98],"that":[99,135],"ulcerated":[100],"universally":[103],"allowed":[104],"troublesome":[108],"disease.":[109],"2":[110],"addition,":[112],"our":[113],"view":[114],"necessarily":[116],"colored":[117],"scarcity":[120],"successful":[122],"therapeutic":[123],"modalities":[124],"3.\n\nArticular":[125],"narrow":[129],"layer":[130,228],"specialized":[132],"connective":[133],"permits":[136],"smooth,":[137],"frictionless":[138],"movement":[139],"diarthrodial":[141],"joints.":[142],"It":[143],"comprised":[145],"relatively":[148],"small":[149],"number":[150],"cells":[152],"(chondrocytes)":[153],"embedded":[154],"an":[156,275],"abundant":[157],"extracellular":[158],"matrix":[159],"4.":[160],"consists":[163],"predominantly":[164],"type-II":[166,203],"collagen,":[167],"proteoglycans,":[168],"water,":[170],"along":[171],"with":[172],"smaller":[173],"amounts":[174],"other":[176],"collagen":[177,204,222,270],"types":[178],"noncollagenous":[180],"proteins.":[181],"Histologically,":[182],"articular":[183,246],"divided":[186],"into":[187],"three":[188],"zones,":[189],"which":[190],"distinguished":[192],"shape":[195],"chondrocytes":[198,259],"arrangement":[201],"fibers.":[205],"superficial":[207,281],"zone":[208,283,292],"characterized":[210],"flattened":[212],"disc-like":[213],"chondrocytes,":[214],"low":[216],"proteoglycan":[217,265],"content,":[218],"densely-packed,":[220],"horizontally-arranged":[221],"fibrils":[223],"uniform":[225],"diameter.":[226],"This":[227],"described":[231],"as":[232],"tension-resisting":[234],"diaphragm":[235],"5":[236],"virtue":[238],"its":[240],"tendency":[241],"curl":[243],"when":[244],"released":[249],"from":[250],"subchondral":[252],"6.":[254],"middle":[257],"zone,":[258],"attain":[260],"rounded":[263],"profile,":[264],"content":[266],"increases,":[267],"fibers":[271],"decussate":[272],"provide":[274],"oblique":[276],"transitional":[277],"network":[278],"between":[279],"tangential":[282],"deep":[286,290],"radial":[287,291],"zone.":[288],"\u2026":[294]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":26}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}