{"id":"https://openalex.org/W609423032","doi":null,"title":"Gorbachev and His Reforms, 1985-1990","display_name":"Gorbachev and His Reforms, 1985-1990","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W609423032","mag":"609423032"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-003884690","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=003884690&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074893923","display_name":"Richard Sakwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6678-8820","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6678-8820"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard Sakwa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6678-8820","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074893923"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.8005,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98996273,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11070","display_name":"Soviet and Russian History","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11070","display_name":"Soviet and Russian History","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13186","display_name":"Russia and Soviet political economy","score":0.0348999984562397,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14005","display_name":"Eastern European Communism and Reforms","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mikhail-gorbachev","display_name":"Mikhail Gorbachev","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soviet-reform","display_name":"Soviet reform","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perestroika","display_name":"perestroika","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-thinking","display_name":"new thinking","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soviet-foreign-policy","display_name":"Soviet foreign policy","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communist-party-leadership","display_name":"Communist Party leadership","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communist-political-systems","display_name":"communist political systems","score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-democracies","display_name":"new democracies","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soviet-economy","display_name":"Soviet economy","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ideology","display_name":"ideology","score":0.46299999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542948173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6186","display_name":"Communism","level":3,"score":0.7271665930747986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.6538625955581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33566652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1065927","display_name":"Theme (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6445133686065674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158071213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257","display_name":"Ideology","level":3,"score":0.6236114501953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6180393695831299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017612487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15180","display_name":"Soviet union","level":3,"score":0.605275571346283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5996854901313782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5483548641204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.4623613953590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.43260055780410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2627725601196289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2609509527683258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.10570979118347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-003884690","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=003884690&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bibliotecavirtualdefensa.es:476103","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://bibliotecavirtual.defensa.gob.es/BVMDefensa/es/consulta/registro.do?id=476103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196928","display_name":"Virtual Defense Library (Ministerio de Defensa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210162908","host_organization_name":"Ministerio de Defensa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162908"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Libros"},{"id":"mag:609423032","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA11205574","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4255090730","https://openalex.org/W2912231983","https://openalex.org/W383036430","https://openalex.org/W2990649703","https://openalex.org/W4231993087","https://openalex.org/W7120897487","https://openalex.org/W2280427295","https://openalex.org/W2012383827","https://openalex.org/W2099243752","https://openalex.org/W7135954363"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Richard":[0],"Sakwa's":[1],"study":[2],"looks":[3],"at":[4],"the":[5,10,13,17,29,57,70,73,76,96,108,115,118,124,127,130,135,141,147,151,153,160],"scope":[6],"and":[7,43,67,75,89,132,163,167],"significance":[8],"of":[9,19,28,39,52,54,64,72,95,98,107,117,134,143,169],"reforms":[11],"in":[12,32,56,79,86,100,123,146,159],"Soviet":[14,42,148],"Union":[15],"under":[16,59],"leadership":[18],"Mikhail":[20],"Gorbachev":[21],"since":[22],"his":[23,165],"election":[24],"as":[25],"General":[26],"Secretary":[27],"Communist":[30,101],"Party":[31],"March":[33],"1985.":[34],"Based":[35],"on":[36],"a":[37,50,93],"range":[38],"readings":[40],"from":[41],"Western":[44],"sources,":[45],"this":[46],"book":[47,109],"deals":[48],"with":[49,92],"number":[51],"aspects":[53],"reform":[55,99],"USSR":[58],"Gorbachev's":[60,156],"leadership,":[61,65],"spanning":[62],"question":[63],"politics":[66],"ideological":[68],"changes,":[69],"perestroika":[71],"economy":[74],"new":[77,119,136],"thinking":[78,137],"foreign":[80],"policy.":[81],"This":[82],"analysis":[83],"is":[84,110],"set":[85],"its":[87,111],"theoretical":[88],"historical":[90],"context":[91],"discussion":[94],"concept":[97],"political":[102],"systems.":[103],"A":[104],"major":[105],"theme":[106],"attempt":[112],"to":[113],"understand":[114],"nature":[116],"democracy":[120],"being":[121],"born":[122],"USSR.":[125],"At":[126],"same":[128],"time,":[129],"achievements":[131],"ambiguities":[133],"are":[138],"examined":[139],"against":[140],"background":[142],"current":[144],"debates":[145],"Union.":[149],"Throughout":[150],"book,":[152],"author":[154],"acknowledges":[155],"personal":[157],"role":[158],"reforming":[161],"process":[162],"analyzes":[164],"ideas":[166],"style":[168],"leadership.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
