{"id":"https://openalex.org/W60910389","doi":null,"title":"Efficacy, Phytotoxicity, and Cover Crop Response of Herbicide Combinations in Dark Fire Cured Tobacco","display_name":"Efficacy, Phytotoxicity, and Cover Crop Response of Herbicide Combinations in Dark Fire Cured Tobacco","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W60910389","mag":"60910389"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.wku.edu:theses-1727","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196460","display_name":"TopSCHOLAR (Western Kentucky University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I94339441","host_organization_name":"Western Kentucky University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94339441"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Masters Theses & Specialist Projects","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039706004","display_name":"Tracy Kelley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tracy Kelley","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039706004"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12058","display_name":"Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11180","display_name":"Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbicide-mixtures","display_name":"herbicide mixtures","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfentrazone","display_name":"sulfentrazone","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clomazone","display_name":"clomazone","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/napropamide","display_name":"napropamide","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbicide-phytotoxicity","display_name":"herbicide phytotoxicity","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed-control","display_name":"weed control","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover-crops","display_name":"cover crops","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-rotation","display_name":"crop rotation","score":0.3790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbicide-rate","display_name":"herbicide application rate","score":0.3199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780858201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3774857","display_name":"Phytotoxicity","level":2,"score":0.7220292687416077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.4950689375400543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.4264603853225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.41037893295288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4077962636947632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2606823444366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10353541374206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.wku.edu:theses-1727","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/724","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196460","display_name":"TopSCHOLAR (Western Kentucky University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I94339441","host_organization_name":"Western Kentucky University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94339441"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Masters Theses & Specialist Projects","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:60910389","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/724/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.9208999872207642,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2266319991","https://openalex.org/W2239318911","https://openalex.org/W66222459","https://openalex.org/W2235075680","https://openalex.org/W2788422578","https://openalex.org/W2955090458","https://openalex.org/W3166350515","https://openalex.org/W2913691112","https://openalex.org/W2157909014","https://openalex.org/W4400313059"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Field":[0],"studies":[1],"were":[2,54,85,96,156,202,228,277,288,470,495],"established":[3,55,86],"during":[4],"the":[5,10,126,139,178,246,291,310,466],"summer":[6],"of":[7,16,28,74,81,90,120,125,132,138,149,226,266,274,284,323,328,333,351,409,422,442,451],"1999":[8,101],"at":[9,87,117,158,170,263,336,394,411,427,459],"Agricultural":[11],"Research":[12],"and":[13,24,76,160,174,191,198,216,243,279,315,331,375,430,487,502],"Education":[14],"Complex":[15],"Western":[17],"Kentucky":[18],"University":[19],"to":[20,153,230,236,293,298,308,465],"evaluate":[21,309],"efficacy,":[22],"phytotoxicity,":[23],"cover":[25],"crop":[26,150,222],"response":[27],"herbicide":[29,154,316],"combinations":[30],"in":[31,59,113,290,473,479,492],"dark":[32],"fire":[33],"cured":[34],"tobacco.":[35],"A":[36],"randomized":[37],"complete":[38],"block":[39],"design":[40],"was":[41,111,168,240,249,258,303,417,490],"used":[42],"with":[43,71,102,208,342,359,382,425],"nine":[44,115,127,140],"treatments":[45,95,116,128,141],"replicated":[46],"three":[47],"times.":[48],"Hydroponic":[49],"tobacco":[50],"transplants":[51,84],"(c.v.":[52],"'TND950')":[53],"on":[56,64,98,204,260,281,513],"May":[57,99],"20,1999":[58],"a":[60,65,72,88,103,118,205,264,282,440],"conventionally":[61],"tilled":[62],"system":[63],"Pembroke":[66],"silt":[67],"loam":[68],"(Mollic":[69],"Palleudalf)":[70],"pH":[73],"5.8":[75],"an":[77],"organic":[78],"matter":[79],"content":[80],"1.2%.":[82],"The":[83],"population":[89],"approximately":[91],"10,278":[92],"plants/ha.":[93],"Herbicide":[94],"applied":[97,112],"19,":[100],"CO2":[104],"backpack":[105],"sprayer.":[106],"Sulfentrazone":[107,318,357,380],"as":[108,134,144,445,463],"Spartan":[109],"75DF":[110],"all":[114,337,352,391,395,412],"rate":[119,265,448],"0.47":[121],"kg":[122,268,384,402],"pr/ha.":[123,269],"Six":[124],"included":[129,142],"various":[130],"rates":[131,421,478],"clomazone":[133,364,423,446,455],"Command":[135],"3ME.":[136],"Two":[137],"napropamide":[143,386,404,477],"Devrinol":[145],"50DF.":[146],"Visual":[147,270],"evaluations":[148,201,273],"phytotoxicity":[151],"due":[152,235,297],"application":[155,447],"recorded":[157,203,278],"21":[159],"44":[161],"days":[162],"after":[163,434],"treatment":[164],"(DAT).":[165],"Weed":[166],"control":[167,200,215,322,327,350,389,408],"evaluated":[169],"21,":[171],"29,":[172],"44,":[173],"58":[175,355],"DAT":[176],"for":[177,390],"following":[179],"species:":[180],"Ipomoea":[181,329,372],"hederacea":[182,373],"L.":[183,188,194],"(Ivyleaf":[184],"morningglory),":[185],"Amaranthus":[186,334,377],"hybridus":[187,335,378],"(smooth":[189],"pigweed),":[190],"Eleusine":[192,324,368],"indica":[193,369],"(goosegrass).":[195],"Crop":[196],"injury":[197,212,233],"weed":[199,353,392],"0-100%":[206],"scale":[207,283],"0":[209],"representing":[210,218],"no":[211,214,471,510],"and/or":[213],"100":[217],"plant":[219],"death.":[220],"After":[221],"removal,":[223],"two":[224],"types":[225],"tillage":[227,252,508],"performed":[229],"examine":[231,294],"wheat":[232,255,271,313,514],"effects":[234],"tillage.":[237],"One":[238],"subplot":[239,248,276,307],"moldboard":[241,497,500],"plowed":[242,501],"disked":[244,503],"while":[245],"other":[247],"disked.":[250],"Following":[251],"operations,":[253],"winter":[254],"(Triticum":[256],"aestivum)":[257],"planted":[259],"October":[261],"30,1999":[262],"134.68":[267],"chlorosis":[272,416,485],"each":[275,306],"based":[280],"0-100%.":[285],"Stand":[286],"counts":[287],"taken":[289],"subplots":[292],"stand":[295,457,474,481,517],"loss":[296],"treatment.":[299,468],"Wheat":[300,415,484],"aboveground":[301],"biomass":[302,515],"harvested":[304],"from":[305],"relationship":[311],"between":[312,476],"growth":[314],"rate.":[317],"alone":[319],"provided":[320,348,365,387,405],">66%":[321],"indica,":[325],">96%":[326],"hederacea,":[330],">88%":[332],"evaluation":[338,396,413,461],"dates.":[339,397,414],"When":[340],"combined":[341,358,381,424],"0.584":[343],"L":[344,362,453],"pr/ha":[345,363,385,403,454],"clomazone,":[346],"sulfentrazone":[347,399,426,467],">82%":[349],"species":[354,393,410],"DAT.":[356],">":[360,366],"1.17":[361],"86%":[367],"control,":[370,374],">60%":[371],">84%":[376],"control.":[379],"1.12":[383],">71%":[388],"However,":[398],"plus":[400],"2.24":[401],"only":[406],">55%":[407],"affected":[418],"by":[419],"increased":[420],"both":[428,460],"25":[429,486],"41":[431,488],"DAP":[432,489],"(days":[433],"planting).":[435],"Fresh":[436],"weight":[437],"also":[438],"exhibited":[439,504],"trend":[441],"decreased":[443,456],"mass":[444],"increased.":[449],"Addition":[450],">1.75":[452],"count":[458,475,482],"dates,":[462],"compared":[464],"There":[469],"differences":[472],"either":[480],"evaluation.":[483],"greater":[491],"plots":[493],"that":[494],"not":[496],"plowed.":[498],"Areas":[499],"less":[505],"chlorosis,":[506],"but":[507],"had":[509],"significant":[511],"effect":[512],"or":[516],"count.":[518]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
