{"id":"https://openalex.org/W60780902","doi":null,"title":"A Synergetic Model to Training & Development","display_name":"A Synergetic Model to Training & Development","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W60780902","mag":"60780902"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:60780902","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/23070583.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764642258","display_name":"Indian journal of industrial relations","issn_l":"0019-5286","issn":["0019-5286"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Indian journal of industrial relations","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018552945","display_name":"K. Kalaiselvan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Kalaiselvan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033253094","display_name":"K. P. Naachimuthu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2966-2089","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2966-2089"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. P. Naachimuthu","raw_affiliation_strings":["PSG Institute of Management, Coimbatore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PSG Institute of Management, Coimbatore","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8302,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.804915,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"2","first_page":"366","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11994","display_name":"Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation","score":0.6410999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11994","display_name":"Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation","score":0.6410999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13163","display_name":"Organizational Learning and Leadership","score":0.34450000524520874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13611","display_name":"Education, Management, Technology, Human Resources","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-training","display_name":"employee training","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/talent-development","display_name":"talent development","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-culture","display_name":"learning culture","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"knowledge management","score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavior-change","display_name":"behavior change","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-learning","display_name":"organizational learning","score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-change","display_name":"organizational change","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-intensive-organizations","display_name":"knowledge-intensive organizations","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-learning","display_name":"online learning","score":0.527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coaching","display_name":"coaching","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-effectiveness-evaluation","display_name":"training effectiveness evaluation","score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-needs-analysis","display_name":"training needs assessment","score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-delivery-methods","display_name":"training delivery methods","score":0.31299999356269836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779363792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1104185","display_name":"Coaching","level":2,"score":0.6416776180267334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.5709778666496277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.533841073513031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.506562352180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777132934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q348960","display_name":"Training and development","level":2,"score":0.5039204955101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3977426290512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3589108884334564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.2841331362724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1189156174659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:60780902","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/23070583.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764642258","display_name":"Indian journal of industrial relations","issn_l":"0019-5286","issn":["0019-5286"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"Indian journal of industrial relations","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4156000018119812,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W598756815","https://openalex.org/W1964560776","https://openalex.org/W1992251940","https://openalex.org/W2002891246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3022464573","https://openalex.org/W2233943432","https://openalex.org/W3120180316","https://openalex.org/W2252653473","https://openalex.org/W2083129625","https://openalex.org/W3096704168","https://openalex.org/W1504933396","https://openalex.org/W2486040055","https://openalex.org/W2594977673","https://openalex.org/W1982477891","https://openalex.org/W146471644","https://openalex.org/W1519471144","https://openalex.org/W2112049142","https://openalex.org/W2146482951","https://openalex.org/W48907297","https://openalex.org/W2993769244","https://openalex.org/W1551344873","https://openalex.org/W2480218909","https://openalex.org/W160125148","https://openalex.org/W20514782"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Training":[0,10,189,212],"and":[1,78,190,207,262,515,521,524,546,551,556],"Development":[2,112],"initiatives":[3],"drive":[4],"organizations":[5,105],"towards":[6,19],"being":[7],"knowledge":[8,168,436,489,570],"intensive.":[9],"can":[11,106,290,322,506,518],"either":[12],"be":[13,291,455,507,519],"positioned":[14],"as":[15,25,31,38,51,59,134,153,181,266,279,343,358,363,372,484,511,523,529,554,593],"a":[16,26,32,39,52,86,100,154,182,215,221,228,232,237,243,267,299,335,354,364,373,381,461,485,495,560,590],"strategic":[17,33],"approach":[18,592],"achieving":[20],"the":[21,47,66,92,142,248,260,283,307,328,331,386,414,424,440,449,471,540,548,566],"goals,":[22],"or":[23,137,184,293,295,349,420,422,437,446,493,532],"merely":[24],"cost":[27,53],"centre.":[28],"If":[29,49],"valued":[30],"approach,":[34],"training":[35,55,177],"is":[36,56,116,127,178,203,213,220,277,360,434,499,578],"recognized":[37,294],"powerful":[40],"tool":[41,183],"to":[42,84,90,97,102,120,165,186,205,302,347,350,394,454,465,543,547],"enable":[43],"effective":[44],"functioning":[45],"of":[46,70,76,144,171,250,286,375,442,448,473,539,587],"personnel.":[48],"perceived":[50],"centre,":[54],"often":[57,197],"performed":[58],"one":[60],"among":[61],"other":[62,274,316,545],"rituals":[63],"without":[64],"visualizing":[65],"long":[67,244],"term":[68,125],"benefits":[69],"it.":[71],"Business":[72],"world":[73,425,567],"faces":[74],"lot":[75],"changes/challenges":[77],"it":[79,115],"becomes":[80],"indispensable":[81],"for":[82,161,432],"them":[83],"create":[85,187],"dynamic":[87],"learning":[88,146,157,191,219,238,265,276,352,588],"culture":[89],"address":[91,107],"same.":[93],"This":[94,297],"paper":[95],"attempts":[96],"bring":[98],"out":[99,460],"model":[101],"explain":[103],"how":[104],"their":[108],"Learning":[577],"&":[110,338],"Talent":[111],"(LT":[113],"rather":[114],"those":[117,162],"most":[118,135],"responsive":[119],"change.":[121],"--Charles":[122],"Darwin":[123],"The":[124,201,430,444,575],"'training'":[126],"widely":[128],"used":[129,179,199,522],"in":[130,210,235,247,269,334,353,368,380,383,413,416,488,559,595],"two":[131,193],"forms:":[132],"one,":[133],"common":[136],"generic":[138],"concept":[139,246,472],"covering":[140],"all":[141],"methods":[143,516],"providing":[145],"opportunities":[147,158],"like":[148],"'lecture',":[149],"'coaching',":[150],"'e-learning';":[151],"two,":[152],"process":[155],"where":[156],"are":[159,192,198,225,306,452],"provided":[160],"who":[163],"wish":[164],"learn":[166],"specific":[167],"and/or":[169],"application":[170],"that":[172,289,309,321,370,505,517],"knowledge.":[173,397],"In":[174,273],"both":[175],"ways":[176,415],"only":[180],"platform":[185],"learning.":[188,474],"different":[194,355,561,582,585],"words":[195],"which":[196,417],"synonymously.":[200],"difference":[202],"similar":[204],"push":[206],"pull":[208],"strategy":[209],"marketing.":[211],"usually":[214],"Push":[216],"Strategy":[217],"while":[218],"Pull":[222],"Strategy.":[223],"Organizations":[224],"going":[226],"through":[227,439],"paradigm":[229],"shift":[230],"from":[231,259],"Push-to-Pull":[233],"mechanism":[234],"creating":[236],"culture.":[239],"has":[241],"been":[242,404],"debated":[245],"sphere":[249],"religion,":[251],"philosophy,":[252],"psychology,":[253],"sociology":[254],"etc.":[255],"Standard":[256],"psychology":[257],"textbook--especially":[258],"1960s":[261],"1970s-":[263],"define":[264],"change":[268,329,333,367,382,387],"behaviour":[270,324,369,409],"(Smith":[271],"1999).":[272],"words,":[275],"approached":[278],"an":[280],"outcome":[281],"(i.e.":[282],"end":[284],"product":[285],"some":[287],"process)":[288],"visualized":[292],"measured.":[296],"raises":[298],"few":[300],"questions":[301],"ponder:":[303],"*":[304,312,326],"What":[305],"factors":[308,317],"influence":[310],"learning?":[311],"Are":[313],"there":[314],"any":[315],"(other":[318],"than":[319],"learning)":[320],"cause":[323],"change?":[325],"Can":[327],"mean":[330],"potential":[332],"person?":[336],"(Merriam":[337],"Caffarella":[339],"1991)":[340],"Questions":[341],"such":[342,359],"these":[344],"lead":[345],"us":[346],"think":[348],"take":[351],"sphere.":[356],"looked":[361],"at":[362],"relatively":[365],"permanent":[366],"occurs":[371],"result":[374,379],"experiences.":[376],"Conditioning":[377],"may":[378,388],"behaviour,":[384],"but":[385,410],"not":[389],"involve":[390],"drawing":[391],"upon":[392],"experience":[393],"generate":[395],"new":[396],"Not":[398],"surprisingly,":[399],"many":[400],"theorists":[401],"have,":[402],"thus,":[403],"less":[405],"concerned":[406],"with":[407,411,463],"overt":[408],"changes":[412,450],"people":[418],"'understand,":[419],"experience,":[421],"conceptualize":[423],"around":[426],"them'":[427],"(Ramsden":[428,571],"1992).":[429],"focus":[431],"them,":[433],"gaining":[435],"ability":[438],"use":[441],"experience.":[443],"depth":[445],"natures":[447],"involved":[451],"likely":[453],"different.":[456],"Saljo":[457],"(1979)":[458],"carried":[459],"research":[462],"professionals":[464],"know":[466],"what":[467],"they":[468],"understand":[469],"about":[470],"Their":[475],"responses":[476],"fell":[477],"into":[478],"five":[479],"main":[480],"categories:":[481],"(1)":[482],"quantitative":[486],"increase":[487],"/":[490,502],"acquiring":[491,512],"information":[492,504],"'knowing":[494],"lot',":[496],"(2)":[497],"memorizing":[500],"something":[501],"storing":[503],"reproduced,":[508],"(3)":[509],"facts,":[513],"skills,":[514],"retained":[520],"when":[525],"required,":[526],"(4)":[527],"making":[530],"sense":[531],"abstracting":[533],"meaning.":[534],"involves":[536,564],"relating":[537],"parts":[538],"subject":[541],"matter":[542],"each":[544],"real":[549],"world,":[550],"(5)":[552],"interpreting":[555],"understanding":[557],"reality":[558],"way.":[562],"comprehending":[565],"by":[568,581],"reinterpreting":[569],"1992)":[572],"Domains":[574],"word":[576],"understood":[579],"differently":[580],"people.":[583],"However,":[584],"aspects":[586],"requires":[589],"unique":[591],"shown":[594],"fig.":[596],"\u2026":[597]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-25T08:18:29.962427","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}