{"id":"https://openalex.org/W606421771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12255-4_2","title":"Structural Adjustment and Long-term Development in SubSaharan Africa","display_name":"Structural Adjustment and Long-term Development in SubSaharan Africa","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W606421771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12255-4_2","mag":"606421771"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-349-12255-4_2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12255-4_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12255-4_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463716","display_name":"Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alternative Development Strategies in SubSaharan Africa","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2035804699","display_name":"Alternative Development Strategies in SubSaharan Africa"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112802848","display_name":"Gerald K. Helleiner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"G. K. Helleiner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Green College, Oxford, UK","Oxford University Institute of Economics and Statistics, Oxford, UK","Queen Elizabeth House, Oxford, UK","Somerville College, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Green College, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University Institute of Economics and Statistics, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Elizabeth House, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Somerville College, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112802848"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":32.5758,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"48","last_page":"78"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.8300999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.8300999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13867","display_name":"Economic Growth and Development","score":0.0689999982714653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.06109999865293503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-adjustment","display_name":"structural adjustment","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-development","display_name":"long-term development","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sub-saharan-africa","display_name":"sub-Saharan Africa","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital","display_name":"human capital","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-enrolment","display_name":"school enrolment","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literacy","display_name":"literacy","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-spending","display_name":"social spending","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-development","display_name":"rural development","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurship","display_name":"entrepreneurship","score":0.3449999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5642781257629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.5104879140853882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.5044599771499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.40688684582710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3960579037666321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.3705022931098938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3667113184928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.35361915826797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3430612087249756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.3312615156173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.10574334859848022}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-349-12255-4_2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12255-4_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12255-4_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463716","display_name":"Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319703","host_organization_name":"Palgrave Macmillan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319703","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Palgrave Macmillan","Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Alternative Development Strategies in SubSaharan Africa","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.9211000204086304,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.4156000018119812,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517485775","https://openalex.org/W2415387331","https://openalex.org/W3121271467","https://openalex.org/W2740190287","https://openalex.org/W7048141871","https://openalex.org/W2484359618","https://openalex.org/W3013109760","https://openalex.org/W2258710442","https://openalex.org/W4399810248","https://openalex.org/W2332596577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"On":[0],"underlying":[1],"longer-term":[2],"development":[3,143],"processes":[4],"in":[5,89,144],"Africa":[6],"it":[7],"is":[8,21,99,163],"possible":[9],"today":[10],"to":[11],"hear":[12],"two":[13],"totally":[14],"divergent":[15],"positions.":[16],"One,":[17],"more":[18,102,134],"optimistic,":[19],"position":[20],"that":[22],"the":[23,33,52,64,92,97,159,166,172],"disappointing":[24],"recent":[25,87],"statistics":[26],"of":[27,36,51,69,96],"GDP":[28],"growth":[29],"(or":[30],"decline)":[31],"conceal":[32],"long-term":[34],"build-up":[35],"considerable":[37],"long":[38],"gestation":[39],"period":[40],"capital,":[41],"particularly":[42],"human":[43],"capital.":[44],"Primary":[45],"school":[46,77,110],"enrolments":[47,80],"as":[48,171],"a":[49],"percentage":[50],"relevant":[53],"age":[54],"group":[55],"were":[56,152],"almost":[57],"everywhere":[58],"up":[59,117],"by":[60,83,118,154,158],"large":[61,122],"proportions":[62],"during":[63],"1980s":[65],"over":[66],"their":[67],"levels":[68],"twenty":[70],"years":[71],"previously":[72],"(see":[73],"Table":[74],"2.1).":[75],"Secondary":[76,109],"and":[78,104,111,121,132,147,156,165],"university":[79,112],"rose":[81],"proportionally":[82],"even":[84],"more.":[85],"Despite":[86],"setbacks":[88],"social":[90],"expenditures,":[91],"African":[93],"labour":[94],"force":[95],"1990s":[98],"thus":[100],"far":[101],"literate":[103],"numerate":[105],"than":[106],"ever":[107],"before.":[108],"graduates,":[113],"no":[114],"longer":[115],"swallowed":[116],"burgeoning":[119],"governmental":[120],"private":[123],"firms\u2019":[124],"demands,":[125],"will":[126],"find":[127],"themselves":[128],"launching":[129],"new":[130],"businesses":[131],"operating":[133],"effective":[135],"farming":[136],"operations,":[137],"with":[138],"potentially":[139],"galvanising":[140],"effects":[141],"for":[142],"both":[145],"rural":[146],"urban":[148],"Africa.":[149],"These":[150],"keywords":[151,167],"added":[153],"machine":[155],"not":[157],"authors.":[160],"This":[161],"process":[162],"experimental":[164],"may":[168],"be":[169],"updated":[170],"learning":[173],"algorithm":[174],"improves.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}