{"id":"https://openalex.org/W60632472","doi":null,"title":"[The importance of classifications in psychiatry].","display_name":"[The importance of classifications in psychiatry].","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W60632472","mag":"60632472","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8582303"},"language":"fr","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:8582303","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8582303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"L'Encephale","raw_type":"English Abstract"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044828632","display_name":"T Lemp\u00e9ri\u00e8re","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T Lemp\u00e9ri\u00e8re","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044828632"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02245895,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"21 Spec No 5","issue":null,"first_page":"3","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12308","display_name":"Mental Health and Psychiatry","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12308","display_name":"Mental Health and Psychiatry","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12844","display_name":"Psychology and Mental Health","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12666","display_name":"Historical Psychiatry and Medical Practices","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatric-classification","display_name":"psychiatric classification","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-criteria","display_name":"diagnostic criteria","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-classification","display_name":"disease classification","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dsm","display_name":"DSM","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icd-10","display_name":"ICD-10","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiaxial-classification","display_name":"multiaxial classification","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-rater-reliability","display_name":"inter-rater reliability","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatric-diagnosis","display_name":"psychiatric diagnosis","score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatric-epidemiology","display_name":"psychiatric epidemiology","score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatric-nomenclature","display_name":"psychiatric terminology","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychopathology","display_name":"psychopathology","score":0.4320000112056732}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.6748104095458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5783228278160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75795011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917904","display_name":"Typology","level":2,"score":0.5405001640319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72852651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845300","display_name":"Nosology","level":2,"score":0.4926798939704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.47642073035240173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44797483086586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4210891127586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4104594588279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3995498716831207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.386006236076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.2828190326690674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27768242359161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1255285143852234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000145","qualifier_name":"classification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009626","descriptor_name":"Terminology as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010348","descriptor_name":"Patient Care Team","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011379","descriptor_name":"Prognosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011569","descriptor_name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011594","descriptor_name":"Psychometrics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015588","descriptor_name":"Observer Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:8582303","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8582303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"L'Encephale","raw_type":"English Abstract"},{"id":"mag:60632472","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8582303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095889256","https://openalex.org/W2051830870","https://openalex.org/W2142803825","https://openalex.org/W2396055269","https://openalex.org/W3208347828","https://openalex.org/W27997160","https://openalex.org/W4252128494","https://openalex.org/W1612905646","https://openalex.org/W2752595382","https://openalex.org/W2468392466"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,148,165,262,415,454],"classifications":[1,196,219,265,361,398,459],"currently":[2],"used":[3,46,362],"in":[4,47,112,161,193,205,255,266,354,363,382,428,437],"psychiatry":[5,270,365],"have":[6,477],"different":[7,242,441],"aims:":[8],"to":[9,37,52,65,87,103,108,119,129,228,285,310,338,394,418],"facilitate":[10,66],"communication":[11],"between":[12,139],"researchers":[13,450],"and":[14,18,33,85,100,110,145,152,224,231,253,291,297,304,331,378,412,425,451,469],"clinicians":[15],"at":[16,29],"national":[17],"international":[19],"levels":[20],"through":[21],"the":[22,105,113,131,171,199,241,250,258,267,316,321,327,333,339,360,380,419,461,470],"use":[23,200],"of":[24,76,115,125,137,150,154,170,173,201,244,257,264,269,282,295,313,318,324,329,341,345,357,401,408,421,443,464,472,475],"a":[25,31,39,97,158,292,479],"common":[26],"language,":[27],"or":[28,184,359],"least":[30],"clearly":[32],"precisely":[34],"defined":[35],"nomenclature;":[36],"provide":[38],"nosographical":[40],"reference":[41],"system":[42],"which":[43,476],"can":[44],"be":[45,179,229,435],"practice":[48],"(diagnosis,":[49],"prognosis,":[50],"treatment);":[51],"optimize":[53],"research":[54,411,429],"by":[55,135,248,458,485],"ensuring":[56],"that":[57,169,344,440],"sample":[58],"cases":[59],"are":[60,399],"as":[61,63,221,235,351,427],"homogeneous":[62],"possible;":[64],"statistical":[67],"records":[68],"for":[69,430,446,481],"public":[70],"health":[71,413],"institutions.":[72],"A":[73],"classification":[74,109],"is":[75,82,190,460],"practical":[77],"interest":[78],"only":[79],"if":[80],"it":[81],"reliable,":[83],"valid":[84],"acceptable":[86],"all":[88,404,474],"potential":[89,293,462],"users.":[90],"In":[91],"recent":[92],"decades,":[93],"there":[94],"has":[95,271,416],"been":[96,272],"considerable":[98],"systematic":[99],"coordinated":[101],"effort":[102],"improve":[104],"methodological":[106],"approach":[107],"categorization":[111,468],"field":[114,123,268,486],"psychiatry,":[116],"including":[117],"attempts":[118,128],"create":[120],"operational":[121],"definitions,":[122],"trials":[124],"inter-assessor":[126],"reliability,":[127],"validate":[130],"selected":[132],"nosological":[133],"categories":[134],"analysis":[136],"correlation":[138],"progression,":[140],"treatment":[141],"response,":[142],"family":[143],"history":[144],"additional":[146],"examinations.":[147],"introduction":[149],"glossaries,":[151],"particularly":[153],"diagnostic":[155,174,423],"criteria,":[156,209,211,213,215,332],"marked":[157],"decisive":[159],"step":[160],"this":[162,438],"new":[163],"approach.":[164],"key":[166],"problem":[167],"remains":[168],"validity":[172],"criteria.":[175],"Ideally,":[176],"these":[177,371],"should":[178,433],"based":[180],"on":[181,198],"demonstrable":[182],"etiologic":[183],"pathogenic":[185],"data,":[186],"but":[187],"such":[188,220,234,350],"information":[189],"rarely":[191],"available":[192],"psychiatry.":[194],"Current":[195],"rely":[197],"extremely":[202],"diverse":[203],"elements":[204],"differing":[206],"degrees:":[207],"descriptive":[208],"evolutive":[210],"etiopathogenic":[212],"psychopathogenic":[214],"etc.":[216],"Certain":[217],"syndrome-based":[218],"DSM":[222,358],"III":[223],"its":[225],"successors":[226],"aim":[227],"atheoretical":[230],"pragmatic.":[232],"Others,":[233],"ICD-10,":[236],"while":[237],"more":[238,259],"eclectic":[239],"than":[240],"versions":[243,356,442],"DSM,":[245],"follow":[246],"suit":[247],"abandoning":[249],"terms":[251],"\"disease\"":[252],"\"illness\"":[254],"favor":[256],"consensual":[260],"\"disorder\".":[261],"legitimacy":[263],"fiercely":[273],"contested,":[274],"being":[275],"variously":[276],"dubbed":[277],"\"a":[278,287,300],"reductive":[279],"academic":[280],"exercise":[281],"no":[283],"relevance":[284],"patients\",":[286],"dehumanizing":[288],"labelling":[289,377],"system,":[290],"source":[294],"social":[296],"political":[298],"violence\",":[299],"destructive":[301],"prognostic":[302],"guide\",":[303],"so":[305],"on.":[306],"Other":[307],"critics":[308],"point":[309],"various":[311],"aspects":[312],"certain":[314,325],"classifications:":[315],"abandonment":[317],"theoretical":[319],"concepts,":[320],"arbitrary":[322,467],"nature":[323],"categories,":[326],"selection":[328],"definitions":[330],"privileged":[334],"position":[335],"systematically":[336],"accorded":[337],"notion":[340],"category":[342],"over":[343],"general":[346,448],"dimension.":[347],"Multiaxial":[348],"systems":[349],"those":[352,407],"proposed":[353],"successive":[355],"child":[364],"go":[366,374],"some":[367],"way":[368],"towards":[369],"meeting":[370],"criticisms.":[372],"They":[373],"beyond":[375],"simple":[376],"place":[379],"patient":[381],"an":[383,392],"overall":[384],"medicopsycho-social":[385],"setting.":[386],"Nosographical":[387],"indicators":[388],"do":[389],"not":[390],"constitute":[391],"obstacle":[393],"psychopathological":[395],"understanding.":[396],"No":[397],"capable":[400],"satisfactorily":[402],"fulfilling":[403],"needs,":[405],"namely":[406],"daily":[409],"practice,":[410],"statistics.":[414],"led":[417],"development":[420],"specialized":[422],"criteria":[424],"instruments,":[426],"example.":[431],"It":[432],"also":[434],"noted":[436],"context":[439],"ICD-10":[444],"exist":[445],"psychiatrists,":[447],"practitioners,":[449],"healthcare":[452],"managers.":[453],"greatest":[455],"danger":[456],"posed":[457],"reification":[463],"hypothetical":[465],"approaches,":[466],"dulling":[471],"reflection,":[473],"created":[478],"need":[480],"regular":[482],"revisions":[483],"underpinned":[484],"trials.":[487]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
