{"id":"https://openalex.org/W605446371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.44-3200","title":"Women of blaxploitation: how the black action film heroine changed American popular culture","display_name":"Women of blaxploitation: how the black action film heroine changed American popular culture","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W605446371","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.44-3200","mag":"605446371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5860/choice.44-3200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.44-3200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.44-3200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764375719","display_name":"Choice Reviews Online","issn_l":"0009-4978","issn":["0009-4978","1523-8253","1943-5975"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316146","host_organization_name":"Association of College and Research Libraries","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316146","https://openalex.org/P4310315903"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association of College and Research Libraries","American Library Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Choice Reviews Online","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"book-review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"06","first_page":"44","last_page":"3200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12803","display_name":"Cinema History and Criticism","score":0.9437999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12803","display_name":"Cinema History and Criticism","score":0.9437999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10758","display_name":"Cinema and Media Studies","score":0.04340000078082085,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12765","display_name":"Race, History, and American Society","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blaxploitation-films","display_name":"blaxploitation films","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american-actresses","display_name":"African American actresses","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action-heroines","display_name":"action heroines","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereotypes-of-women","display_name":"stereotypes of women","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-women-in-film","display_name":"Black women in film","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-popular-culture","display_name":"American popular culture","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1970s-film","display_name":"1970s cinema","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/film-genre","display_name":"film genre","score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audience-reception","display_name":"audience reception","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-development","display_name":"character development","score":0.3779999911785126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96089941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131265","display_name":"Popular culture","level":2,"score":0.5311844348907471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5018429756164551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.47776949405670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33285361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1044835","display_name":"Culture of the United States","level":2,"score":0.41888725757598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4058108925819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.30359673500061035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5860/choice.44-3200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.44-3200","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.44-3200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764375719","display_name":"Choice Reviews Online","issn_l":"0009-4978","issn":["0009-4978","1523-8253","1943-5975"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316146","host_organization_name":"Association of College and Research Libraries","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316146","https://openalex.org/P4310315903"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association of College and Research Libraries","American Library Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Choice Reviews Online","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7307999730110168,"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4252408582","https://openalex.org/W6981924846","https://openalex.org/W2807230976","https://openalex.org/W4248311793","https://openalex.org/W2971981833","https://openalex.org/W415138336","https://openalex.org/W1595038425","https://openalex.org/W168025964","https://openalex.org/W4407311164","https://openalex.org/W1567213035"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,6,15,24,30,76,90,101,105,109,113,126,136,179,182,189,205,208,211],"Civil":[2],"Rights":[3],"movement":[4],"of":[5,14,38,78,108,115,128,181,188,198,210,220],"sixties":[7],"fresh":[8],"in":[9,48,62,103,132,142,214,222],"their":[10,172],"perspective,":[11],"movie":[12],"producers":[13],"early":[16,110],"1970s":[17,111],"began":[18],"to":[19,122,171,193],"make":[20],"films":[21,145,173],"aimed":[22],"toward":[23,74],"underserved":[25],"African":[26,45,79,84,116,129,152],"American":[27,46,80,85,117,130,153],"audience.":[28],"Over":[29],"next":[31],"five":[32],"years":[33],"or":[34],"so,":[35],"a":[36,71,123,217,230],"number":[37],"cheaply":[39],"made,":[40],"so-called":[41],"blaxploitation":[42,106,144,190],"movies":[43],"featured":[44],"actresses":[47,118,154,183],"roles":[49],"which":[50,104,143],"broke":[51],"traditional":[52,83],"molds.":[53],"Typically":[54],"long":[55],"on":[56,119,150],"flash":[57],"and":[58,65,88,139,162,168,196,216,229,236],"violence":[59],"but":[60],"lacking":[61],"character":[63,199],"depth":[64],"development,":[66],"this":[67],"genre":[68,191],"nonetheless":[69],"did":[70],"great":[72],"deal":[73],"redefining":[75],"perception":[77,127],"actresses,":[81],"breaking":[82],"female":[86],"stereotypes":[87],"laying":[89],"groundwork":[91],"for":[92],"later":[93],"feminine":[94],"action":[95,212,224],"heroines.":[96],"This":[97],"critical":[98,167],"study":[99],"examines":[100],"ways":[102],"heroines":[107],"reshaped":[112],"presentation":[114],"screen":[120],"and,":[121],"certain":[124],"degree,":[125],"females":[131],"general.":[133],"It":[134],"discusses":[135],"social,":[137],"political":[138],"cultural":[140],"context":[141],"emerged.":[146],"The":[147,185],"work":[148,206],"focuses":[149],"four":[151],"-":[155,165],"Pam":[156],"Grier,":[157],"Tamara":[158],"Dobson,":[159],"Teresa":[160],"Graves":[161],"Jeanne":[163],"Belle":[164],"providing":[166],"audience":[169],"response":[170],"as":[174,176],"well":[175],"insight":[177],"into":[178],"perspectives":[180],"themselves.":[184],"eventual":[186],"demise":[187],"due":[192],"formulaic":[194],"plots":[195],"lack":[197],"development":[200],"is":[201],"also":[202,240],"discussed.":[203],"Finally,":[204],"addresses":[207],"mainstreaming":[209],"heroine":[213],"general":[215],"recent":[218],"resurgence":[219],"interest":[221],"black":[223],"movies.":[225],"Relevant":[226],"film":[227],"stills":[228],"selected":[231],"filmography":[232],"including":[233],"cast":[234],"list":[235],"plot":[237],"synopsis":[238],"are":[239],"included.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}