{"id":"https://openalex.org/W604134412","doi":null,"title":"Aid and environment in Ghana","display_name":"Aid and environment in Ghana","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W604134412","mag":"604134412"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2013-123","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/WP2013-123.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/WP2013-123.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/93704","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032026706","display_name":"Daniel Kwabena Twerefou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3330-3932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3330-3932"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Kwabena Twerefou","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3330-3932","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032026706"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":"123","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12883","display_name":"Sustainable Development and Environmental Management","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-aid","display_name":"foreign aid","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-expenditures","display_name":"environmental expenditures","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-expenditure","display_name":"government spending","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-policy","display_name":"environmental policy","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ghana","display_name":"Ghana","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-finance","display_name":"public finance","score":0.37299999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778101114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28401305","display_name":"Disbursement","level":2,"score":0.7956548929214478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6152567267417908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198428699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334780","display_name":"Environmental degradation","level":2,"score":0.5488603115081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5342212319374084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.5031301379203796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.39277732372283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.34625932574272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2874782383441925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2559267282485962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.251708060503006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2013-123","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/WP2013-123.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/WP2013-123.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/93704","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/93704","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/93704","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.645.6609","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.645.6609","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/working-papers/2013/en_GB/wp2013-123/_files/90724667533492346/default/WP2013-123.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:collections.unu.edu:UNU:3841","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://collections.unu.edu/view/UNU:3841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401912","display_name":"UNU Collections (United Nations University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210148429","host_organization_name":"United Nations University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148429"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:604134412","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/93704/1/771373473.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/93704","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/93704","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/93704","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307875","display_name":"Styrelsen f\u00f6r Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete","ror":"https://ror.org/01fn7me06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333317","display_name":"United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/015y1mx47"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W604134412.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W604134412.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507409164"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410165896","https://openalex.org/W564548738","https://openalex.org/W1540497532","https://openalex.org/W1033493175","https://openalex.org/W3132719270","https://openalex.org/W2190038684","https://openalex.org/W6941768516","https://openalex.org/W2550396343","https://openalex.org/W3011886677","https://openalex.org/W4256176898"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"we":[3],"discuss":[4],"aid":[5,59,186,204],"and":[6,66,111,157,219],"the":[7,17,32,44,72,91,100,117,129,136,143,165,188,192,195,199,206],"environment":[8,33],"in":[9,105,223],"Ghana.":[10],"Our":[11],"analysis":[12,87],"indicates":[13,98],"that":[14,99,198,213],"expenditure":[15],"by":[16,71],"government":[18,41],"of":[19,39,46,48,80,88,107,121,132,146,171,185,194],"Ghana":[20],"has":[21,51,64],"increased":[22],"consistently":[23],"since":[24],"2000,":[25],"with":[26,55],"seven":[27],"sectors":[28,63,138,167,190,201,215],"weakly":[29],"linked":[30],"to":[31,61,75,82,96,160,179,187],"taking":[34],"about":[35],"78.9":[36],"per":[37,123,140],"cent":[38,124],"all":[40,135],"expenditure.":[42,57],"Also,":[43,149],"rate":[45,120,131],"increase":[47],"environmental":[49,62,101,147,166,181,189,207,217],"expenditures":[50],"not":[52],"kept":[53],"pace":[54],"overall":[56],"External":[58],"disbursement":[60,119],"expanded":[65],"efforts":[67],"are":[68,220],"being":[69],"made":[70],"development":[73,196],"partners":[74,197],"steer":[76],"more":[77,203],"grants":[78],"instead":[79],"loans":[81],"environment-related":[83],"activities.":[84,225],"A":[85,113],"19-sector":[86],"data":[89],"from":[90,94],"AidData":[92],"dataset":[93],"1993":[95],"2009":[97],"sector":[102],"ranks":[103],"11th":[104],"terms":[106],"project":[108],"numbers,":[109],"commitments":[110],"disbursements.":[112],"worrying":[114],"phenomenon":[115],"is":[116,126],"average":[118,130],"27.8":[122],"which":[125],"lower":[127],"than":[128,205],"disbursements":[133],"for":[134,164],"19":[137],"(29":[139],"cent),":[141],"indicating":[142],"poor":[144],"implementation":[145],"projects.":[148],"cross-cutting":[150],"issues":[151],"such":[152,173],"as":[153,174],"climate":[154],"change,":[155],"biodiversity":[156],"desertification":[158],"appear":[159],"be":[161,177],"important":[162],"only":[163],"even":[168,209],"though":[169,210],"some":[170],"these,":[172],"education,":[175],"can":[176],"used":[178],"combat":[180],"degradation.":[182],"Poor":[183],"commitment":[184],"reflects":[191],"views":[193],"non-environmental":[200,214],"require":[202],"sectors,":[208],"donors":[211],"recognize":[212],"have":[216],"impacts":[218],"addressing":[221],"them":[222],"their":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-04T10:56:28.161419","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}