{"id":"https://openalex.org/W600440223","doi":null,"title":"A Simple Model of Cirrus Horizontal Inhomogeneity and Cloud Fraction","display_name":"A Simple Model of Cirrus Horizontal Inhomogeneity and Cloud Fraction","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W600440223","mag":"600440223"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:600440223","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990078575","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402118","display_name":"NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","host_organization_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026919148","display_name":"Samantha A. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7228-5162","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7228-5162"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samantha Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University, New York, NY, United States#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7228-5162","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University, New York, NY, United States#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059436319","display_name":"Anthony D. Del Genio C","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7450-1359","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7450-1359"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony D. DelGenio","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD., United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD., United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2891,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59837278,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.021199999377131462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11320","display_name":"Atmospheric Ozone and Climate","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cirrus-clouds","display_name":"cirrus clouds","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horizontal-heterogeneity","display_name":"horizontal inhomogeneity","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-fraction","display_name":"cloud fraction","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normal-distribution","display_name":"normal distribution","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-radar","display_name":"cloud radar","score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-distribution-functions","display_name":"probability distribution functions","score":0.7329999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781448682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093125","display_name":"Cirrus","level":2,"score":0.8113939762115479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23302255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135703","display_name":"Cloud fraction","level":4,"score":0.6752811074256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85502700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2995540","display_name":"Liquid water content","level":3,"score":0.6610983610153198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18459110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171293","display_name":"Mixing ratio","level":2,"score":0.5700080990791321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142773270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1810412","display_name":"Cloud height","level":4,"score":0.514151394367218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195452092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055865","display_name":"Overcast","level":3,"score":0.4643920063972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138777275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884054","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4612163305282593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.41760891675949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199194280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3268898","display_name":"Cloud top","level":3,"score":0.4175497889518738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4157378673553467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.41490301489830017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4130532741546631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34847038984298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.3460044264793396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3302009701728821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24047034978866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206887242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830457","display_name":"Cloud cover","level":3,"score":0.207232266664505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.19016310572624207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73329638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527","display_name":"Sky","level":2,"score":0.1522226631641388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:600440223","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990078575","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402118","display_name":"NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","host_organization_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5351999998092651}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106436439","https://openalex.org/W18644634","https://openalex.org/W2057976626","https://openalex.org/W2099506750","https://openalex.org/W2470077609","https://openalex.org/W2018010126","https://openalex.org/W2127978339","https://openalex.org/W2129768358","https://openalex.org/W119005042","https://openalex.org/W3174842825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"simple":[1],"model":[2,47,81,136,160],"of":[3,44,58,70,141,155,189,197],"horizontal":[4,21,93],"inhomogeneity":[5,22],"and":[6,66,176,193],"cloud":[7,34,71,75,112,127,179,198],"fraction":[8,113],"in":[9,23,32,164],"cirrus":[10,98],"clouds":[11],"has":[12],"been":[13],"formulated":[14],"on":[15],"the":[16,24,33,51,55,59,67,80,84,96,104,121,135,142,156,169,187,190,194],"basis":[17],"that":[18],"all":[19],"internal":[20],"ice":[25,60,86,124,148,170],"mixing":[26,62,88,150,171],"ratio":[27,63,89,172],"is":[28],"due":[29],"to":[30,39,115,167,177],"variations":[31],"depth,":[35],"which":[36,118],"are":[37],"assumed":[38],"be":[40,162],"Gaussian.":[41],"The":[42,145],"use":[43],"such":[45],"a":[46,165],"was":[48],"justified":[49],"by":[50,134],"observed":[52,143,157],"relationship":[53],"between":[54],"normalized":[56,68],"variability":[57,69],"water":[61,87,149],"(and":[64],"extinction)":[65],"depth.":[72],"Using":[73],"radar":[74],"depth":[76,188,199],"data":[77],"as":[78,111,200],"input,":[79],"reproduced":[82],"well":[83],"in-cloud":[85],"histograms":[90,105],"obtained":[91],"from":[92],"runs":[94],"during":[95],"FIRE2":[97],"campaign.":[99],"For":[100],"totally":[101],"overcast":[102],"cases":[103],"were":[106,137,152],"almost":[107],"Gaussian,":[108],"but":[109],"changed":[110],"decreased":[114],"exponential":[116],"distributions":[117],"peaked":[119],"at":[120],"lowest":[122],"nonzero":[123],"value":[125],"for":[126],"fractions":[128,132],"below":[129],"90%.":[130],"Cloud":[131],"predicted":[133,146],"always":[138],"within":[139,153],"28%":[140],"value.":[144],"average":[147],"ratios":[151],"34%":[154],"values.":[158],"This":[159],"could":[161],"used":[163],"GCM":[166],"produce":[168],"probability":[173],"distribution":[174],"function":[175],"estimate":[178],"fraction.":[180],"It":[181],"only":[182],"requires":[183],"basic":[184],"meteorological":[185],"parameters,":[186],"saturated":[191],"layer":[192],"standard":[195],"deviation":[196],"input.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}