{"id":"https://openalex.org/W60021118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/86.5.679","title":"Proposed Pathogenic Mechanism for the Diarrhea Associated with Human Intestinal Spirochetes","display_name":"Proposed Pathogenic Mechanism for the Diarrhea Associated with Human Intestinal Spirochetes","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W60021118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/86.5.679","mag":"60021118","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3776923"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/ajcp/86.5.679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/86.5.679","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/86.5.679","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15871148","display_name":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology","issn_l":"0002-9173","issn":["0002-9173","1943-7722"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113754250","display_name":"Frank G. Rodgers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161057412","display_name":"University of New Hampshire","ror":"https://ror.org/01rmh9n78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137227","display_name":"Queen's Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03ap6wx93","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334287468","https://openalex.org/I4210137227"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank G. Rodgers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, Department of Microbiology and PHLS Laboratory and the Department of Therapeutics, University Hospital, Queen\u2019s Medical Centre, Nottingham, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, Department of Microbiology and PHLS Laboratory and the Department of Therapeutics, University Hospital, Queen\u2019s Medical Centre, Nottingham, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161057412","https://openalex.org/I4210137227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111540694","display_name":"Christine Rodgers","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161057412","display_name":"University of New Hampshire","ror":"https://ror.org/01rmh9n78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137227","display_name":"Queen's Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03ap6wx93","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334287468","https://openalex.org/I4210137227"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine Rodgers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, Department of Microbiology and PHLS Laboratory and the Department of Therapeutics, University Hospital, Queen\u2019s Medical Centre, Nottingham, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, Department of Microbiology and PHLS Laboratory and the Department of Therapeutics, University Hospital, Queen\u2019s Medical Centre, Nottingham, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161057412","https://openalex.org/I4210137227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029623967","display_name":"Andrew P. Shelton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161057412","display_name":"University of New Hampshire","ror":"https://ror.org/01rmh9n78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137227","display_name":"Queen's Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03ap6wx93","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334287468","https://openalex.org/I4210137227"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew P. Shelton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, Department of Microbiology and PHLS Laboratory and the Department of Therapeutics, University Hospital, Queen\u2019s Medical Centre, Nottingham, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, Department of Microbiology and PHLS Laboratory and the Department of Therapeutics, University Hospital, Queen\u2019s Medical Centre, Nottingham, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161057412","https://openalex.org/I4210137227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113636214","display_name":"Christopher J. Hawkey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161057412","display_name":"University of New Hampshire","ror":"https://ror.org/01rmh9n78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161057412"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137227","display_name":"Queen's Medical Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/03ap6wx93","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334287468","https://openalex.org/I4210137227"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher J. Hawkey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, Department of Microbiology and PHLS Laboratory and the Department of Therapeutics, University Hospital, Queen\u2019s Medical Centre, Nottingham, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, Department of Microbiology and PHLS Laboratory and the Department of Therapeutics, University Hospital, Queen\u2019s Medical Centre, Nottingham, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161057412","https://openalex.org/I4210137227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4660,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4660},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00793184,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"86","issue":"5","first_page":"679","last_page":"682"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13791","display_name":"Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13791","display_name":"Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10066","display_name":"Gut microbiota and health","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10276","display_name":"Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brachyspira-aalborgi","display_name":"Brachyspira aalborgi","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intestinal-spirochetosis","display_name":"intestinal spirochetosis","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persistent-diarrhea","display_name":"persistent diarrhea","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathophysiological-mechanisms","display_name":"pathophysiological mechanisms","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intracellular-bacteria","display_name":"intracellular bacteria","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metronidazole-treatment","display_name":"metronidazole treatment","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rectal-biopsy","display_name":"rectal biopsy","score":0.5320000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779802037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40878","display_name":"Diarrhea","level":2,"score":0.8125587105751038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.7184381484985352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777396551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169569","display_name":"Metronidazole","level":3,"score":0.7060413956642151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61716771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496","display_name":"Feces","level":2,"score":0.6084027290344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4805746078491211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778883795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q804517","display_name":"Pathogenic bacteria","level":3,"score":0.4362148344516754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.41565147042274475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.32696613669395447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.3102164566516876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.3089730143547058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003967","descriptor_name":"Diarrhea","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003967","descriptor_name":"Diarrhea","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005243","descriptor_name":"Feces","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008795","descriptor_name":"Metronidazole","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008854","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Electron","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012007","descriptor_name":"Rectum","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012007","descriptor_name":"Rectum","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013144","descriptor_name":"Spirochaetales","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013145","descriptor_name":"Spirochaetales Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013145","descriptor_name":"Spirochaetales Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013145","descriptor_name":"Spirochaetales Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/ajcp/86.5.679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/86.5.679","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/86.5.679","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15871148","display_name":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology","issn_l":"0002-9173","issn":["0002-9173","1943-7722"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:3776923","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3776923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of clinical pathology","raw_type":"Case Reports"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.979200005531311,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Case Report","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/case-report"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1459533666","https://openalex.org/W1871498046","https://openalex.org/W1911465559","https://openalex.org/W2016511475","https://openalex.org/W2060581416","https://openalex.org/W2066019400","https://openalex.org/W2071296187","https://openalex.org/W2117718524","https://openalex.org/W2154000715","https://openalex.org/W2395370155"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2977512918","https://openalex.org/W2079145024","https://openalex.org/W2410308564","https://openalex.org/W161114486","https://openalex.org/W2110661093","https://openalex.org/W2415108651","https://openalex.org/W3107006291","https://openalex.org/W4299305176","https://openalex.org/W2102935160","https://openalex.org/W4255593731"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spirochetes":[0],"resembling":[1],"Brachyspira":[2],"aalborgi":[3],"were":[4],"found":[5,29],"in":[6,64],"the":[7,19,32,35,39,46,59,65,68,76,85],"feces":[8],"and":[9,43,87],"rectal":[10,40,69],"biopsies":[11],"of":[12,34,45,61,67],"a":[13,72],"patient":[14],"with":[15,58,81,93],"persistent":[16,77],"diarrhea.":[17],"Although":[18],"organism":[20],"failed":[21],"to":[22,31],"grow":[23],"on":[24,38,91],"bacteriologic":[25],"media,":[26],"it":[27],"was":[28,49],"attached":[30],"surfaces":[33],"epithelial":[36],"cells":[37,66],"lumen.":[41],"Blunting":[42],"destruction":[44],"cellular":[47],"microvilli":[48],"evident.":[50],"These":[51],"induced":[52],"pathologic":[53],"cell":[54],"surface":[55],"changes,":[56],"together":[57],"presence":[60],"intracellular":[62],"bacteria":[63],"colon,":[70],"suggest":[71],"pathogenic":[73],"mechanism":[74],"for":[75],"diarrhea":[78],"often":[79],"associated":[80],"this":[82],"condition.":[83],"Both":[84],"spirochetosis":[86],"clinical":[88],"symptoms":[89],"disappeared":[90],"treatment":[92],"metronidazole.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
