{"id":"https://openalex.org/W597603452","doi":null,"title":"Beyond Humboldt : Emergence of Academic Entrepreneurship in the U.S. and Sweden","display_name":"Beyond Humboldt : Emergence of Academic Entrepreneurship in the U.S. and Sweden","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W597603452","mag":"597603452"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:umu-24729","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-24729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","host_organization_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-24729","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049472298","display_name":"Henry Etzkowitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-8153","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-8153"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henry Etzkowitz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8185-8153","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025706564","display_name":"Patrik Asplund","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrik Asplund","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023465880","display_name":"Niklas Nordman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niklas Nordman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.798799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.798799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.08730000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13276","display_name":"University-Industry-Government Innovation Models","score":0.0674000009894371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-entrepreneurship","display_name":"university entrepreneurship","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humboldt-model","display_name":"Humboldt model","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-industry-collaboration","display_name":"university-industry collaboration","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-transfer","display_name":"technology transfer","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-spin-offs","display_name":"university spin-offs","score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-higher-education","display_name":"comparative higher education","score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states","display_name":"United States","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sweden","display_name":"Sweden","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.6400109529495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4418708086013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4053266644477844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.17714610695838928}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:umu-24729","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-24729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","host_organization_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-018963185","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-24729","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"software, multimedia"},{"id":"mag:597603452","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:227334/FULLTEXT01.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:umu-24729","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-24729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","host_organization_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W213380922","https://openalex.org/W254123233","https://openalex.org/W616531344","https://openalex.org/W646795798","https://openalex.org/W1483144968","https://openalex.org/W1556544570","https://openalex.org/W1604619173","https://openalex.org/W1912478608","https://openalex.org/W2008770408","https://openalex.org/W2144913747","https://openalex.org/W3004757316","https://openalex.org/W3121694862"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6979712432","https://openalex.org/W3164005817","https://openalex.org/W1884753426","https://openalex.org/W1532134962","https://openalex.org/W7057969829","https://openalex.org/W2519766346","https://openalex.org/W7055335911","https://openalex.org/W2923084950","https://openalex.org/W4249755367","https://openalex.org/W3104414869"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-09T07:26:56.047234","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}