{"id":"https://openalex.org/W596807144","doi":null,"title":"Professionalizing Modern Medicine: Paris Surgeons and Medical Science and Institutions in the 18th Century","display_name":"Professionalizing Modern Medicine: Paris Surgeons and Medical Science and Institutions in the 18th Century","publication_year":1980,"publication_date":"1980-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W596807144","mag":"596807144"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:bibliotheques-specialisees.paris.fr:p::usmarcdef_0000207136","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://bibliotheques-specialisees.paris.fr/ark:/73873/pf0000207136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306471698","display_name":"Greenwood Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"printed monograph"},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055113617","display_name":"Toby Gelfand","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Toby Gelfand","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055113617"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16570803,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.75,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.75,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.19670000672340393,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13735","display_name":"History of Medical Practice","score":0.03200000151991844,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professionalization-of-medicine","display_name":"professionalization of medicine","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgeons","display_name":"surgeons","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-institutions","display_name":"medical institutions","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-sciences","display_name":"medical sciences","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/18th-century","display_name":"18th century","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paris","display_name":"Paris","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-medicine","display_name":"history of medicine","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"medical education","score":0.492000013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020610715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medical science","level":2,"score":0.5497114062309265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.35344281792640686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3532896041870117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.2514457106590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2352081835269928}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:bibliotheques-specialisees.paris.fr:p::usmarcdef_0000207136","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://bibliotheques-specialisees.paris.fr/ark:/73873/pf0000207136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306471698","display_name":"Greenwood Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"printed monograph"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bibliotheques-specialisees.paris.fr:p::usmarcdef_0000768536","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://bibliotheques-specialisees.paris.fr/ark:/73873/pf0000768536","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306471698","display_name":"Greenwood Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"printed monograph"},{"id":"mag:596807144","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA08020071","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2316021874","https://openalex.org/W7006336933","https://openalex.org/W4415507391","https://openalex.org/W2460180051","https://openalex.org/W4385532689","https://openalex.org/W2915606403","https://openalex.org/W2550004742","https://openalex.org/W240370178","https://openalex.org/W1988155741","https://openalex.org/W4236752494"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-25T09:29:13.331239","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
