{"id":"https://openalex.org/W59629540","doi":null,"title":"Hitler's gift : scientists who fled Nazi Germany","display_name":"Hitler's gift : scientists who fled Nazi Germany","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W59629540","mag":"59629540"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/940985","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=ti%3AHITLER%27S+GIFT%3A+SCIENTISTS+WHO+FLED+NAZI+GERMANY&qt=advanced","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:227552","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055222357","display_name":"Jean S. Medawar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean S. Medawar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084490085","display_name":"David A. Pyke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David A. Pyke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-8335","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9904,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93287756,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12445","display_name":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","score":0.7314000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12445","display_name":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","score":0.7314000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14062","display_name":"Migration and Exile Studies","score":0.07280000299215317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12645","display_name":"European history and politics","score":0.047200001776218414,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-diaspora","display_name":"scientific diaspora","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jewish-scientists","display_name":"Jewish scientists","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nazi-persecution-of-scientists","display_name":"Nazi persecution of scientists","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forced-exile","display_name":"forced exile","score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refugee-scholars","display_name":"refugee scholars","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/albert-einstein","display_name":"Albert Einstein","score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leo-szilard","display_name":"Leo Szilard","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/german-science","display_name":"German science","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-war-ii","display_name":"World War II","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nobel-laureates","display_name":"Nobel laureates","score":0.6129999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121578661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7318","display_name":"Nazi Germany","level":3,"score":0.8047597408294678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154775046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188","display_name":"German","level":2,"score":0.738140344619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5616717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310","display_name":"Nazism","level":3,"score":0.6991866230964661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778145024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17052147","display_name":"Dismissal","level":2,"score":0.6675406098365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173145845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131572","display_name":"Refugee","level":2,"score":0.6473861932754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.5555891990661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150152722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9268","display_name":"Judaism","level":2,"score":0.5517088770866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5340173840522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137355542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362","display_name":"World War II","level":2,"score":0.5189668536186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.508159875869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.4283410608768463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.38375791907310486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.30328649282455444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.19464051723480225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.09287166595458984}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/940985","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=ti%3AHITLER%27S+GIFT%3A+SCIENTISTS+WHO+FLED+NAZI+GERMANY&qt=advanced","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:227552","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:59629540","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA56082091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306477842","display_name":"Piatkus eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Piatkus eBooks","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2983681697","https://openalex.org/W2490703476","https://openalex.org/W1984655210","https://openalex.org/W1642020124","https://openalex.org/W4252819062","https://openalex.org/W4403154770","https://openalex.org/W1976331104","https://openalex.org/W2496863136","https://openalex.org/W4243764325","https://openalex.org/W2492829902"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Drawing":[0],"on":[1,35,74,196],"interviews":[2],"with":[3],"more":[4],"than":[5],"20":[6],"surviving":[7],"refugee":[8,127],"scholars,":[9],"the":[10,17,39,42,45,51,72,103,117,121,132,137,144,151,164,180,189],"authors":[11],"give":[12],"a":[13,64,159],"moving":[14],"account":[15],"of":[16,25,47,53,78,86,134],"scientific":[18,96],"diaspora":[19],"which":[20],"resulted":[21],"from":[22,130],"Hitler's":[23],"policy":[24],"dismissing":[26],"Jewish":[27,48],"scientists.":[28],"The":[29,83,105],"irony":[30],"is":[31],"that":[32],"they":[33,192],"went":[34,195],"to":[36,94,102,149,178,185,197],"help":[37,183],"win":[38,198],"war":[40],"for":[41,63],"Allies.":[43],"If":[44],"dismissal":[46],"scientists":[49,90,165],"means":[50],"annihilation":[52],"contemporary":[54],"German":[55,87,135],"science,":[56],"then":[57],"we":[58],"shall":[59],"do":[60],"without":[61],"science":[62],"few":[65],"years!":[66],"With":[67],"these":[68],"words":[69],"Hitler":[70],"closed":[71],"door":[73],"Germany's":[75,95],"50-year":[76],"record":[77],"world":[79],"supremacy":[80],"in":[81,162],"science.":[82],"subsequent":[84],"exodus":[85],"and":[88,98,111,166,182],"Austrian":[89],"caused":[91],"critical":[92],"damage":[93],"output":[97],"brought":[99],"invaluable":[100],"gains":[101],"West.":[104],"Third":[106],"Reich's":[107],"losses":[108],"included":[109],"Einstein,":[110],"also":[112],"Leo":[113],"Szilard,":[114],"who":[115],"became":[116],"driving":[118],"force":[119],"behind":[120],"atomic":[122],"bomb":[123],"project.":[124],"As":[125],"one":[126],"remarked:":[128],"Far":[129],"destroying":[131],"spirit":[133],"scholarship,":[136],"Nazis":[138],"had":[139,173],"spread":[140],"it":[141],"all":[142],"over":[143],"world.":[145],"Only":[146],"Germany":[147],"was":[148],"be":[150],"loser.":[152],"This":[153],"book":[154],"recounts":[155],"how":[156],"Britain":[157],"played":[158],"significant":[160],"role":[161],"rescuing":[163],"how,":[167],"within":[168],"weeks,":[169],"leading":[170],"British":[171],"academics":[172],"set":[174],"up":[175],"an":[176],"agency":[177],"support":[179],"exiles":[181],"them":[184],"find":[186],"jobs.":[187],"Of":[188],"1,500":[190],"refugees":[191],"rescued,":[193],"15":[194],"Nobel":[199],"Prizes.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-27T14:10:00.468798","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}