{"id":"https://openalex.org/W59487928","doi":null,"title":"Clonidine in the treatment of Tourette syndrome: a review of data.","display_name":"Clonidine in the treatment of Tourette syndrome: a review of data.","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W59487928","mag":"59487928","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6756089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:6756089","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6756089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in neurology","raw_type":"Case Reports"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029578725","display_name":"James Frederick Leckman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3902-4478","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3902-4478"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J F Leckman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109575770","display_name":"Donald J. Cohen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D J Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026204261","display_name":"JILL DETLOR","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Detlor","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J G Young","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J G Young","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008428641","display_name":"Diane F. Harcherik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D Harcherik","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071612872","display_name":"Bennett A. Shaywitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0750-1372","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0750-1372"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B A Shaywitz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9628,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9285529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":null,"first_page":"391","last_page":"401"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11123","display_name":"Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11123","display_name":"Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12684","display_name":"Stuttering Research and Treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clonidine","display_name":"clonidine","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourette-syndrome","display_name":"Tourette syndrome","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-response-variability","display_name":"treatment response variability","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-symptoms","display_name":"behavioral symptoms","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noradrenergic-mechanisms","display_name":"noradrenergic mechanisms","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mhpg","display_name":"MHPG","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-hormone-secretion","display_name":"growth hormone secretion","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sedation","display_name":"sedation","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure","display_name":"blood pressure","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathophysiology","display_name":"pathophysiology","score":0.5379999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778399450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412221","display_name":"Clonidine","level":2,"score":0.9865697622299194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25876315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15197465","display_name":"Neurochemical","level":2,"score":0.8468893766403198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.73443603515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776814716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574801","display_name":"Sedation","level":2,"score":0.7124797701835632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10162356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135939","display_name":"Pathophysiology","level":2,"score":0.5009911060333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.3663421869277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.29391348361968994}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003000","descriptor_name":"Clonidine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003000","descriptor_name":"Clonidine","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003000","descriptor_name":"Clonidine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004298","descriptor_name":"Dopamine","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005879","descriptor_name":"Tourette Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005879","descriptor_name":"Tourette Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005879","descriptor_name":"Tourette Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008734","descriptor_name":"Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009448","descriptor_name":"Neurochemistry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013006","descriptor_name":"Growth Hormone","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013564","descriptor_name":"Sympathetic Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:6756089","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6756089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in neurology","raw_type":"Case Reports"},{"id":"mag:59487928","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6756089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1552682390","https://openalex.org/W2004599846","https://openalex.org/W2089540979","https://openalex.org/W1980253766","https://openalex.org/W2011487025","https://openalex.org/W2107109924","https://openalex.org/W2031322816","https://openalex.org/W2130897138","https://openalex.org/W2409855944","https://openalex.org/W1987246359"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"are":[1,82],"conflicting":[2],"data":[3],"concerning":[4],"the":[5,41,86,89,150,156],"efficacy":[6],"of":[7,30,58,88,91,101,117,136,142,152,161],"clonidine":[8,102],"in":[9,131],"TS.":[10],"Some":[11],"TS":[12,92,132,153],"patients,":[13],"probably":[14],"50%":[15],"or":[16],"more,":[17],"experience":[18],"substantial,":[19],"long-term":[20],"symptomatic":[21],"improvement":[22],"with":[23,35],"minimal":[24],"side":[25],"effects.":[26],"However,":[27],"their":[28],"profile":[29],"response":[31,90,97,123],"is":[32,75],"often":[33],"variable,":[34],"behavioral":[36],"symptoms":[37],"appearing":[38],"to":[39,53,84,94,98,124,158],"show":[40],"most":[42],"consistent":[43],"improvement.":[44],"Maximal":[45],"benefit":[46],"may":[47,114,133,147],"not":[48,61,134],"be":[49,115,135],"evident":[50],"for":[51,71],"4":[52],"6":[54],"months.":[55],"A":[56],"minority":[57],"patients":[59,93],"do":[60],"respond,":[62],"and":[63,79,110,154],"a":[64],"few":[65],"worsen":[66],"on":[67,103],"clonidine.":[68,95],"The":[69,96,121,140],"need":[70],"additional":[72],"double-blind":[73],"trials":[74],"clear.":[76],"Additional":[77],"metabolic":[78],"pharmacologic":[80],"investigations":[81],"needed":[83],"understand":[85],"determinants":[87],"acute":[99],"doses":[100],"sedation,":[104],"growth":[105],"hormone":[106],"release,":[107],"blood":[108],"pressure,":[109],"plasma":[111],"MHPG":[112],"levels":[113],"predictive":[116],"eventual":[118],"therapeutic":[119],"response.":[120],"variable":[122],"clonidine,":[125],"however,":[126],"suggests":[127],"that":[128],"noradrenergic":[129],"mechanisms":[130],"primary":[137],"pathogenic":[138],"importance.":[139],"study":[141],"interactions":[143],"between":[144],"neurochemical":[145],"systems":[146],"help":[148],"illuminate":[149],"pathophysiology":[151],"lead":[155],"way":[157],"improved":[159],"treatment":[160],"this":[162],"disabling":[163],"condition.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
